將外部工具與 generate_text 搭配使用

前往 ai.google.dev 查看 試用 Colab 筆記本 在 GitHub 中查看筆記本

在某些情況下,您可能想要停止模型生成作業,以便插入特定結果。舉例來說,語言模型可能無法處理複雜的算術問題 (例如文字問題)。 本教學課程說明如何使用外部工具搭配 genai.generate_text 方法,輸出字詞問題的正確答案。

這個範例使用 numexpr 工具執行算術,但您可以透過相同的程序,整合特定用途所需的其他工具。大致步驟如下:

  1. 決定 startend 標記以提供文字資訊,以便傳送工具。
  2. 建立提示,指示模型如何在結果中使用標記。
  3. 在傳遞至 generate_textstop_sequences 中加入 end 標記。
  4. 從模型結果中,將 startend 標記之間的文字視為工具的輸入內容。
  5. 執行工具,並在提示中加入輸出內容。
  6. 再次呼叫 generate_text,讓模型繼續執行工具的輸出內容。

設定

pip install -q google.generativeai
import google.generativeai as genai
genai.configure(api_key='YOUR API KEY')

from google.api_core import retry

@retry.Retry()
def generate_text(*args, **kwargs):
  return genai.generate_text(*args, **kwargs)
models = [m for m in genai.list_models() if 'generateText' in m.supported_generation_methods]
model = models[0].name
print(model)
models/text-bison-001

嘗試直接解決問題

以下是你要解決的字詞問題:

question = """
I have 77 houses, each with 31 cats.
Each cat owns 14 mittens, and 6 hats.
Each mitten was knit from 141m of yarn, each hat from 55m.
How much yarn was needed to make all the items?
"""
prompt_template = """
You are an expert at solving word problems. Here's one:

{question}

Work through it step by step, and show your work.
One step per line.

Your solution:
"""

立即嘗試:

completion = generate_text(
    model=model,
    prompt=prompt_template.format(question=question),
    # The maximum length of the response
    max_output_tokens=800,
)

print(completion.result)
In the houses there are 77 * 31 = 2387 cats.
So they need 2387 * 14 = 33418 mittens.
And they need 2387 * 6 = 14322 hats.
In total they need 33418 * 141 + 14322 * 55 = 5554525m of yarn.
The answer: 5554525.

一般而言,提示會傳回不正確的結果。 通常能得到正確的步驟,但算術錯誤。

答案應為:

answer = 77*31*14*141 + 77*31*6*55
answer
5499648

指示模型使用計算機

在下次嘗試時,請將如何存取計算機的說明提供給模型。您可以指定 startend 標記,讓模型用於指出需要進行計算的位置。在提示中新增以下內容:

calc_prompt_template = """
You are an expert at solving word problems. Here's a question:

{question}

-------------------

When solving this problem, use the calculator for any arithmetic.

To use the calculator, put an expression between <calc></calc> tags.
The answer will be printed after the </calc> tag.

For example: 2 houses  * 8 cats/house = <calc>2 * 8</calc> = 16 cats

-------------------

Work through it step by step, and show your work.
One step per line.

Your solution:
"""

calc_prompt = calc_prompt_template.format(question=question)

要允許模型存取這個「計算機」的輸出結果,請先暫停生成作業,然後插入結果。使用 stop_sequences 引數在 </calc> 標記停止位置:

completion = generate_text(
    model=model,
    prompt=calc_prompt,
    stop_sequences=["</calc>"],
    # The maximum length of the response
    max_output_tokens=800,
    candidate_count=1,
)

result = completion.result
print(result)
In each house, there are <calc>31 * 14

結果不會包含 stop_sequence。拆除運算式並透過計算機執行,然後再加回計算結果:

# Use re to clear units from the calculator expressions
import re
# Use numexpr since `eval` is unsafe.
import numexpr


def calculator(result):
  result, expression = result.rsplit('<calc>', 1)

  # Strip any units like "cats / house"
  clean_expression = re.sub("[a-zA-Z]([ /a-zA-Z]*[a-zA-Z])?",'', expression)

  # `eval` is unsafe use numexpr
  result = f"{result}<calc>{expression}</calc> = {str(numexpr.evaluate(clean_expression))}"
  return result
print(calculator(result))
In each house, there are <calc>31 * 14</calc> = 434

接著在提示後方加上該程式碼,然後再次執行模型,讓模型從中斷處繼續:

continue_prompt=calc_prompt +"\n"+ "-"*80 + "\n" + calculator(result)

completion = generate_text(
    model=model,
    prompt=continue_prompt,
    stop_sequences=["</calc>"],
    # The maximum length of the response
    max_output_tokens=800,
    candidate_count=1,
)

print(completion.result)
mittens.
In each house, there are <calc>31 * 6

這次模型會接續上次的計算文字,然後繼續下一段文字。現在,請以迴圈的形式執行程式碼,徹底解決敘述型問題:

def solve(question=question):
  results = []

  for n in range(10):
    prompt = calc_prompt_template.format(question=question)

    prompt += " ".join(results)

    completion = generate_text(
        model=model,
        prompt=prompt,
        stop_sequences=["</calc>"],
        # The maximum length of the response
        max_output_tokens=800,
    )

    result = completion.result
    if '<calc>' in result:
      result = calculator(result)

    results.append(result)
    print('-'*40)
    print(result)
    if str(answer) in result:
      break
    if "<calc>" not in  result:
      break

  is_good = any(str(answer) in r for r in results)

  print("*"*100)
  if is_good:
    print("Success!")
  else:
    print("Failure!")
  print("*"*100)

  return is_good
solve(question);
----------------------------------------
The total number of cats is <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
The total number of mittens is <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens.
The total amount of yarn needed for the mittens is <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m.
The total number of hats is <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats.
 The total amount of yarn needed for the hats is <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m.
In total, <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!

您可以執行幾次來預估解開率:

good = []

for n in range(10):
  good.append(solve(question))
----------------------------------------
There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
They need <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens.
The mittens need <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
They need <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats.
The hats need <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
 They need a total of <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
So for the mittens, we need <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens.
That means we need <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for mittens.
For the hats, we need <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats.
That means we need <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for hats.
 In total we need <calc>787710 + 4711938</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
In the 77 houses I have <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
They need <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens.
The mittens need <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
They need <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats.
The hats need <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
 So, in total I need <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
The number of cats is <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
. Each cat needs <calc>14 * 141</calc> = 1974
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for mittens. So we need <calc>1974 * 2387</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for mittens. Each cat needs <calc>6 * 55</calc> = 330
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for hats. So we need <calc>330 * 2387</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for hats. So in total we need <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
Each cat needs <calc>14 * 141</calc> = 1974
----------------------------------------
yarn for mittens.
All cats need <calc>2387 * 1974</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
yarn for mittens.
Each cat needs <calc>6 * 55</calc> = 330
----------------------------------------
yarn for hats.
All cats need <calc>2387 * 330</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
yarn for hats.
 All in all, you need <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
Each cat needs <calc>14 + 6</calc> = 20
----------------------------------------
items.
So we need <calc>20 * 2387</calc> = 47740
----------------------------------------
items in total.
Each mitten needs <calc>141</calc> = 141
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
So all the mittens need <calc>141 * 47740</calc> = 6731340
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
 Each hat needs <calc>55</calc> = 55
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
So all the hats need <calc>55 * 47740</calc> = 2625700
----------------------------------------
m of yarn.
 In total, we need <calc>6731340 + 2625700</calc> = 9357040
----------------------------------------
m of yarn. There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
Each cat needs <calc>14 + 6</calc> = 20
********************************************************************************
Failure!
----------------------------------------
There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
There are <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens.
There are <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats.
There was <calc>141 * 33418</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn needed for mittens.
There was <calc>55 * 14322</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn needed for hats.
 So there was <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
There are <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats in total. 
They need <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens. 
That's <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
meters of yarn for mittens. 
They need <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats. 
That's <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
meters of yarn for hats. 
So, they need <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
There are 77 houses * 31 cats / house = <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats.
So we need <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens.
So we need <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for mittens.
So we need <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats.
 So we need <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for hats.
In total, we need <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
----------------------------------------
In total there are 77 houses * 31 cats / house = <calc>77 * 31</calc> = 2387
----------------------------------------
cats. In total 2387 cats * 14 mittens / cat = <calc>2387 * 14</calc> = 33418
----------------------------------------
mittens. In total 33418 mittens * 141m / mitten = <calc>33418 * 141</calc> = 4711938
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for mittens. In total 2387 cats * 6 hats / cat = <calc>2387 * 6</calc> = 14322
----------------------------------------
hats. In total 14322 hats * 55m / hat = <calc>14322 * 55</calc> = 787710
----------------------------------------
m of yarn for hats. In total we need 4711938 m of yarn for mittens + 787710 m of yarn for hats = <calc>4711938 + 787710</calc> = 5499648
********************************************************************************
Success!
import numpy as np
np.mean(good)
0.9