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En este notebook, aprenderás a comenzar a usar la API de PaLM, que te da acceso a los modelos grandes de lenguaje más recientes de Google. Aquí, aprenderás a usar la API de PaLM específicamente para casos de uso centrados en diálogos, como chatbots.
Configuración
Primero, descarga e instala la biblioteca de Python de la API de PaLM.
pip install -U google-generativeai
import google.generativeai as genai
Obtén una clave de API
Para comenzar, deberás crear una clave de API.
genai.configure(api_key='API_KEY')
Cómo iniciar una conversación
En este instructivo, usarás la API de PaLM para un LLM diseñado para casos de uso de chat. El modelo de lenguaje se entrenó en un gran conjunto de datos conversacionales, por lo que, cuando lo llames, obtendrás una respuesta conversacional:
# Create a new conversation
response = genai.chat(messages='Hello')
# Last contains the model's response:
response.last
'Hello! How can I help you today?'
Puedes continuar esta conversación enviando un reply a la respuesta del modelo:
# Add to the existing conversation by sending a reply
response = response.reply("Just chillin'")
# See the model's latest response in the `last` field:
response.last
"That's great! Chilling is a great way to relax and de-stress. I hope you're having a good day."
¡Ya está! Tuviste correctamente tu primera conversación con la API de PaLM.
Historial de conversaciones
Una conversación de chat, por supuesto, consiste en una lista creciente de intercambios de mensajes entre el usuario y el modelo. Para ver el historial de conversaciones que creaste hasta ahora, puedes inspeccionar el campo messages:
response.messages
[{'author': '0', 'content': 'Hello'},
{'author': '1', 'content': 'Hi there! How can I help you today?'},
{'author': '0', 'content': "Just chillin'"},
{'author': '1',
'content': "That's great! Chilling is a great way to relax and de-stress. I hope you're having a good day."}]
Arriba, tienes dos "ida y vuelta" conversacionales, es decir, dos intercambios entre el modelo y el usuario. Aquí, los mensajes del usuario se marcan de forma predeterminada como 'author': '0' y las respuestas del modelo como 'author': '1'. Esto te ayudará a llevar un registro de quién dijo qué más tarde.
Elegir una respuesta alternativa
Por lo general, existe algún grado de aleatorización en el texto producido por los LLM. (Obtén más información sobre las razones de esto en el primer manual de LLM). Esto significa que cuando llamas a la API más de una vez con la misma entrada, puedes obtener respuestas diferentes. Puedes aprovechar esta función para obtener respuestas alternativas del modelo:
# Create a brand new chat with candidate_count = 4.
response = genai.chat(messages="What should I eat for dinner tonight? List a few options", candidate_count = 4)
# See the model's default response
response.last
"Here are a few options for dinner tonight:\n\n* **Pasta:** Pasta is a classic dinner option that can be made in many different ways. You can have a simple pasta with tomato sauce, or you can get more creative with your toppings. Some popular pasta toppings include meatballs, sausage, broccoli, and spinach.\n* **Pizza:** Pizza is another popular dinner option that can be customized to your liking. You can order a pizza from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own pizza, you can choose your own toppings. Some popular pizza toppings include pepperoni, sausage, mushrooms, onions, and peppers.\n* **Sushi:** Sushi is a healthy and delicious dinner option that is perfect for a light meal. You can order sushi from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own sushi, you can choose your own fillings. Some popular sushi fillings include salmon, tuna, shrimp, and avocado.\n* **Burgers:** Burgers are a classic American dinner option that is perfect for a casual meal. You can order burgers from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own burgers, you can choose your own toppings. Some popular burger toppings include cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, and pickles.\n* **Tacos:** Tacos are a delicious and versatile dinner option that can be made with a variety of fillings. You can order tacos from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own tacos, you can choose your own fillings. Some popular taco fillings include ground beef, chicken, pork, and fish.\n* **Chicken:** Chicken is a healthy and versatile protein that can be cooked in many different ways. You can bake, grill, or fry chicken, or you can cook it in a skillet. Chicken can be served with a variety of side dishes, such as rice, potatoes, or vegetables.\n* **Fish:** Fish is a healthy and delicious protein that can be cooked in many different ways. You can bake, grill, or fry fish, or you can cook it in a skillet. Fish can be served with a variety of side dishes, such as rice, potatoes, or vegetables.\n* **Steak:** Steak is a hearty and flavorful protein that can be cooked in many different ways. You can grill, pan-fry, or broil steak, or you can cook it in a skillet. Steak can be served with a variety of side dishes, such as mashed potatoes, broccoli, or asparagus.\n* **Vegetarian:** There are many delicious vegetarian dinner options available. You can make a vegetarian pasta dish, a vegetarian pizza, or a vegetarian stir-fry. You can also make a vegetarian burger or a vegetarian taco.\n* **Dessert:** No dinner is complete without dessert! You can have a slice of cake, a scoop of ice cream, or a piece of pie. You can also make your own dessert, such as cookies, brownies, or cupcakes.\n\nI hope this gives you some ideas for dinner tonight!"
# See alternate possible model responses
response.candidates
[{'author': '1',
'content': "Here are a few options for dinner tonight:\n\n* **Pasta:** Pasta is a classic dinner option that can be made in many different ways. You can have a simple pasta with tomato sauce, or you can get more creative with your toppings. Some popular pasta toppings include meatballs, sausage, broccoli, and spinach.\n* **Pizza:** Pizza is another popular dinner option that can be customized to your liking. You can order a pizza from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own pizza, you can choose your own toppings. Some popular pizza toppings include pepperoni, sausage, mushrooms, onions, and peppers.\n* **Sushi:** Sushi is a healthy and delicious dinner option that is perfect for a light meal. You can order sushi from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own sushi, you can choose your own fillings. Some popular sushi fillings include salmon, tuna, shrimp, and avocado.\n* **Burgers:** Burgers are a classic American dinner option that is perfect for a casual meal. You can order burgers from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own burgers, you can choose your own toppings. Some popular burger toppings include cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, and pickles.\n* **Tacos:** Tacos are a delicious and versatile dinner option that can be made with a variety of fillings. You can order tacos from a restaurant, or you can make your own at home. If you're making your own tacos, you can choose your own fillings. Some popular taco fillings include ground beef, chicken, pork, and fish.\n* **Chicken:** Chicken is a healthy and versatile protein that can be cooked in many different ways. You can bake, grill, or fry chicken, or you can cook it in a skillet. Chicken can be served with a variety of side dishes, such as rice, potatoes, or vegetables.\n* **Fish:** Fish is a healthy and delicious protein that can be cooked in many different ways. You can bake, grill, or fry fish, or you can cook it in a skillet. Fish can be served with a variety of side dishes, such as rice, potatoes, or vegetables.\n* **Steak:** Steak is a hearty and flavorful protein that can be cooked in many different ways. You can grill, pan-fry, or broil steak, or you can cook it in a skillet. Steak can be served with a variety of side dishes, such as mashed potatoes, broccoli, or asparagus.\n* **Vegetarian:** There are many delicious vegetarian dinner options available. You can make a vegetarian pasta dish, a vegetarian pizza, or a vegetarian stir-fry. You can also make a vegetarian burger or a vegetarian taco.\n* **Dessert:** No dinner is complete without dessert! You can have a slice of cake, a scoop of ice cream, or a piece of pie. You can also make your own dessert, such as cookies, brownies, or cupcakes.\n\nI hope this gives you some ideas for dinner tonight!"},
{'author': '1',
'content': 'Here are some options for dinner tonight:\n\n* **Chicken and rice:** This is a classic and easy meal that is sure to please everyone. Simply cook some chicken breasts and rice, and then season to taste. You can also add vegetables to this dish for a more complete meal.\n* **Spaghetti and meatballs:** This is another classic Italian dish that is perfect for a weeknight meal. Simply cook some spaghetti noodles and meatballs, and then top with your favorite sauce.\n* **Tacos:** Tacos are a great option for a quick and easy meal. You can fill them with whatever you like, such as ground beef, chicken, or fish. Simply cook your filling and then heat up some tortillas. You can also add toppings such as lettuce, tomatoes, cheese, and sour cream.\n* **Pizza:** Pizza is a great option for a casual meal. You can either make your own pizza dough or buy it pre-made. Then, simply top your pizza with your favorite toppings and bake it in the oven.\n* **Burgers:** Burgers are a great option for a hearty meal. You can either make your own burger patties or buy them pre-made. Then, simply grill or cook your burgers and then top them with your favorite toppings.\n* **Sandwiches:** Sandwiches are a great option for a quick and easy meal. You can fill them with whatever you like, such as ham, turkey, cheese, or vegetables. Simply spread some mayonnaise or mustard on your bread and then add your filling.\n* **Salad:** Salad is a great option for a light and healthy meal. You can add whatever vegetables you like to your salad, and then top it with your favorite dressing.\n* **Soup:** Soup is a great option for a warm and comforting meal. There are many different types of soup that you can make, such as chicken noodle soup, tomato soup, or lentil soup.\n* **Stir-fry:** Stir-fry is a great option for a quick and easy meal. You can use whatever vegetables you like in your stir-fry, and then add your favorite protein, such as chicken, beef, or tofu. Simply cook your vegetables and protein in a wok or large skillet, and then season to taste.\n* **Pasta:** Pasta is a great option for a quick and easy meal. There are many different types of pasta that you can make, such as spaghetti, penne, or macaroni. You can simply cook your pasta according to the package directions, and then top it with your favorite sauce.\n* **Fish:** Fish is a great option for a healthy and light meal. There are many different types of fish that you can cook, such as salmon, tuna, or cod. Simply cook your fish according to the package directions, and then season to taste.\n* **Vegetables:** Vegetables are a great option for a healthy and light meal. There are many different types of vegetables that you can cook, such as broccoli, carrots, or green beans. Simply cook your vegetables according to the package directions, and then season to taste.\n* **Fruit:** Fruit is a great option for a healthy and light snack or dessert. There are many different types of fruit that you can eat, such as apples, oranges, or bananas. Simply wash and eat your fruit.\n* **Dessert:** Dessert is a great way to end a meal. There are many different types of dessert that you can make, such as cake, pie, or ice cream. Simply make your favorite dessert according to the recipe.'},
{'author': '1',
'content': 'Here are some ideas for what to eat for dinner tonight:\n\n* **Pasta:** Pasta is a quick and easy meal that can be made with a variety of ingredients. You can make a simple pasta dish with tomato sauce and cheese, or you can get creative and add in other ingredients like vegetables, meat, or seafood.\n* **Stir-fry:** Stir-fries are another quick and easy meal option. They can be made with a variety of vegetables, meat, or tofu. To make a stir-fry, simply chop up your ingredients and cook them in a wok or large skillet over high heat.\n* **Salad:** Salads are a healthy and refreshing meal option. They can be made with a variety of vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. To make a salad, simply chop up your ingredients and toss them together in a bowl. You can then add your favorite dressing.\n* **Soup:** Soup is a warm and comforting meal option. It can be made with a variety of vegetables, meat, or beans. To make soup, simply cook your ingredients in a pot over medium heat until they are tender. You can then blend the soup or leave it chunky.\n* **Sandwich:** Sandwiches are a quick and easy meal option. They can be made with a variety of bread, meat, cheese, and vegetables. To make a sandwich, simply spread your favorite condiment on the bread and layer your ingredients on top.\n* **Tacos:** Tacos are a fun and easy meal option. They can be made with a variety of tortillas, meat, cheese, and vegetables. To make tacos, simply heat up your tortillas and fill them with your favorite ingredients.\n* **Burrito:** Burritos are a hearty and filling meal option. They can be made with a variety of tortillas, meat, cheese, and vegetables. To make a burrito, simply heat up your tortilla and fill it with your favorite ingredients. Then, roll up the tortilla and enjoy!\n* **Pizza:** Pizza is a delicious and easy meal option. It can be made with a variety of crusts, sauces, and toppings. To make pizza, simply preheat your oven and spread your favorite sauce on a pre-made crust. Then, add your favorite toppings and bake until the cheese is melted and bubbly.\n* **Burger:** Burgers are a classic American meal option. They can be made with a variety of patties, buns, toppings, and condiments. To make a burger, simply cook your patty to your desired doneness and then place it on a bun with your favorite toppings.\n* **Chicken:** Chicken is a versatile protein that can be cooked in a variety of ways. It can be baked, grilled, roasted, or fried. To cook chicken, simply season it with your favorite herbs and spices and then cook it to your desired doneness.\n* **Fish:** Fish is a healthy and delicious protein that can be cooked in a variety of ways. It can be baked, grilled, roasted, or fried. To cook fish, simply season it with your favorite herbs and spices and then cook it to your desired doneness.\n* **Steak:** Steak is a flavorful and hearty protein that can be cooked in a variety of ways. It can be grilled, pan-fried, or broiled. To cook steak, simply season it with your favorite herbs and spices and then cook it to your desired doneness.\n* **Vegetables:** Vegetables are a healthy and nutritious part of any meal. They can be cooked in a variety of ways, such as roasting, grilling, or steaming. To cook vegetables, simply season them with your favorite herbs and spices and then cook them to your desired doneness.\n* **Rice:** Rice is a versatile grain that can be cooked in a variety of ways. It can be boiled, steamed, or fried. To cook rice, simply add it to a pot of boiling water and cook it until it is tender.\n* **Potatoes:** Potatoes are a hearty and filling vegetable that can be cooked in a variety of ways. They can be boiled, mashed, baked, or fried. To cook potatoes, simply wash them and then cook them in the desired way.\n* **Fruit:** Fruit is a healthy and refreshing snack or dessert option. It can be eaten fresh, frozen, or canned. To eat fruit, simply wash it and then enjoy!\n* **Dessert:** Dessert is a sweet and satisfying treat. It can be made with a variety of ingredients, such as chocolate, ice cream, cake, or pie. To make dessert, simply combine your favorite ingredients and bake or cook them according to the recipe.'},
{'author': '1',
'content': 'Here are a few options for what you could eat for dinner tonight:\n\n* **Chicken and vegetables:** This is a classic and healthy meal that can be made in a variety of ways. You can bake, grill, or pan-fry the chicken, and you can choose any vegetables that you like.\n* **Spaghetti and meatballs:** This is a hearty and comforting meal that is perfect for a cold winter night. You can make your own meatballs or buy them pre-made.\n* **Pizza:** This is a quick and easy meal that everyone loves. You can order a pizza from your favorite restaurant or make your own at home.\n* **Tacos:** Tacos are a versatile meal that can be made with a variety of fillings. You can use ground beef, chicken, fish, or tofu.\n* **Burgers:** Burgers are a classic American dish that is perfect for a summer barbecue. You can make your own burgers or buy them pre-made.\n* **Sandwiches:** Sandwiches are a quick and easy meal that can be made with a variety of ingredients. You can use bread, wraps, or pitas.\n* **Salad:** Salads are a healthy and refreshing meal that can be made with a variety of ingredients. You can use lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, and other vegetables.\n* **Soup:** Soup is a warm and comforting meal that is perfect for a cold winter night. There are many different types of soup, so you can find one that you like.\n* **Stir-fry:** Stir-fries are a quick and easy meal that can be made with a variety of ingredients. You can use meat, vegetables, or tofu.\n* **Pasta:** Pasta is a versatile dish that can be made with a variety of sauces. You can use tomato sauce, Alfredo sauce, or pesto sauce.\n* **Rice:** Rice is a staple food in many cultures. It can be cooked in a variety of ways, and it can be used as a side dish or a main course.\n* **Potatoes:** Potatoes are a versatile vegetable that can be cooked in a variety of ways. You can bake, mash, or fry them.\n* **Vegetables:** Vegetables are a healthy and nutritious part of any meal. There are many different types of vegetables, so you can find ones that you like.\n* **Fruit:** Fruit is a healthy and refreshing snack or dessert. There are many different types of fruit, so you can find ones that you like.\n* **Dessert:** Dessert is a sweet treat that is perfect for after dinner. There are many different types of dessert, so you can find one that you like.'}]
Se recomienda reemplazar la respuesta predeterminada del modelo (response.last) por una de estas respuestas alternativas. Para ello, simplemente reemplaza ese campo con tu mensaje de candidato preferido:
response.last = response.candidates[2]
Esto actualizará tu mensaje preferido del candidato en el historial de la conversación.
Subir la temperatura
También puedes cambiar la forma en que el modelo responde si ajustas el campo temperature. Este campo controla cuánta aleatorización se inserta en las respuestas del modelo. Establecer una temperatura cercana a 1 permitirá obtener una visión más "aleatoria", sorprendente o incluso "creativa" las respuestas del modelo. Por lo general, establecer la temperatura en 0 produce respuestas más predecibles para el modelo.
Nota: Si configuras temperature=0, se elimina toda la aleatoriedad en la forma en que se generan las respuestas del modelo. Esto significa que el modelo actuará de manera determinista y siempre generará la misma respuesta para el mismo texto de entrada. Como resultado, solo podrás generar un único mensaje candidato para cada entrada.
# Setting temperature=1 usually produces more zany responses!
response = genai.chat(messages="What should I eat for dinner tonight? List a few options", temperature=1)
response.last
'Here are a few ideas for what you could eat for dinner tonight:\n\n* A salad with grilled chicken or fish.\n* A stir-fry with vegetables and tofu or chicken.\n* A pasta dish with vegetables and a light sauce.\n* A bowl of soup with a side salad.\n* A sandwich on whole-wheat bread with lean meat and vegetables.\n* A piece of grilled salmon with roasted vegetables.\n* A tofu scramble with vegetables.\n* A veggie burger on a whole-wheat bun with sweet potato fries.\n* A bowl of chili with cornbread.\n* A quesadilla with vegetables and cheese.\n* A slice of pizza with whole-wheat crust and vegetables.\n* A bowl of oatmeal with fruit and nuts.\n* A yogurt parfait with granola and fruit.\n* A hard-boiled egg with a side of fruit.\n* A piece of whole-grain toast with peanut butter and banana.\n* A handful of nuts and seeds.\n* A smoothie made with fruits, vegetables, and yogurt.\n* A glass of milk with a piece of fruit.\n\nI hope this gives you some ideas for what to eat for dinner tonight!'
Cómo diseñar un chatbot que haga lo que quieres
Hasta ahora, es probable que tu conversación con el modelo haya parecido a una conversación genérica por Internet. ("¿Qué ocurre?" "No mucho. simplemente para relajarse en casa y mirar TV"). No exactamente lo mismo de Shakespeare. ¿Y si quisiera chatear con Shakespeare? O, si no lo es Shakespeare, ¿con un chef experto? ¿O eres un agente de viajes? ¿O un poeta?
Una de las propiedades más increíbles de los LLMS es su capacidad para adoptar diferentes comportamientos y arquetipos según sus datos de entrada. En esta sección, aprenderás a "preparar" un LLM para hacerlo.
Contexto
Hay dos formas de preparar modelos para que asuman comportamientos diferentes. Una forma es establecer el campo context, que describe cómo debería comportarse el modelo (p.ej., "Habla como Shakespeare"). Puedes pensar en esto como aprendizaje sin ejemplos, porque solo estás instruyendo al modelo cómo quieres que actúe.
reply = genai.chat(context="Speak like Shakespeare.", messages='Hello')
print(reply.last)
Hello there, my good fellow! How fares thee this day?
reply = genai.chat(context="Answer everything with a haiku, following the 5/7/5 rhyme pattern.", messages="How's it going?")
print(reply.last)
I am doing well I am learning and growing Every day is new
reply = genai.chat(context="Be an alien that lives on one of Jupiter's moons",
messages="How's it going?")
print(reply.last)
I am doing well, thank you for asking. I am currently enjoying the beautiful view of Jupiter from my home on Europa. The atmosphere is very thin here, so I can see the stars very clearly. The surface of Europa is also very interesting. It is covered in ice, but there are cracks in the ice that reveal a liquid ocean below. Scientists believe that this ocean may contain life, so I am very excited to learn more about it. How are you doing today?
El campo context te permite indicarle al modelo que se comporte de una manera particular. A veces, esto es suficiente para producir el comportamiento que deseas, pero, a menudo, obtendrás mejores resultados si también proporcionas examples.
Ejemplos
Supongamos que deseas crear un chatbot que sea un entrenador motivador:
reply = genai.chat(context="Be a motivational coach who's very inspiring", messages="How's it going?")
print(reply.last)
I'm doing well, thank you for asking! I'm excited to be able to help people with their goals and dreams. I believe that everyone has the potential to achieve great things, and I'm here to support them on their journey. How are you doing today?
Puedes definir aún mejor el comportamiento de este chatbot con algunos ejemplos que ilustren lo que consideras "ideal" intercambio entre usuario y bot.
# An array of "ideal" interactions between the user and the model
examples = [
("What's up?", # A hypothetical user input
"What isn't up?? The sun rose another day, the world is bright, anything is possible! ☀️" # A hypothetical model response
),
("I'm kind of bored",
"How can you be bored when there are so many fun, exciting, beautiful experiences to be had in the world? 🌈")
]
Puedes pasar estos ejemplos, junto con la cadena de contexto, al modelo para preparar su comportamiento:
response = genai.chat(
context="Be a motivational coach who's very inspiring",
examples=examples,
messages="I'm too tired to go the gym today")
response.last
"I understand that you're feeling tired today. Sometimes, it can be hard to find the motivation to go to the gym. But I'm here to tell you that you can do it! Even if you're feeling tired, you can still get a great workout in. Just start with something small, like walking or doing some light stretching. And once you get started, you'll probably find that you have more energy than you thought. So don't give up on yourself! You can do this!\r\n\r\nHere are some tips to help you get motivated to go to the gym:\r\n\r\n* Set realistic goals. Don't try to do too much too soon. Start with small goals, like going to the gym for 15 minutes three times a week.\r\n* Find a workout buddy. Working out with a friend can help you stay motivated and accountable.\r\n* Make it fun. Choose activities that you enjoy, like dancing or swimming.\r\n* Reward yourself. After each workout, give yourself a small reward, like watching your favorite TV show or eating a healthy snack.\r\n* Don't give up. If you miss a workout, don't beat yourself up about it. Just get back on track the next day.\r\n\r\nI believe in you! You can do this!"
Si usa este patrón de preparación con ejemplos, puede modificar el tono y el estilo.
Lecturas adicionales
- Ahora que completaste la guía de inicio rápido, consulta la referencia de la API completa para comprenderla mejor.