La API de PaLM dejó de estar disponible para usarse con los servicios y las herramientas de la IA de Google (pero no para Vertex AI). Consulta la guía de baja de la API de PaLM para obtener más información sobre esta baja, su cronograma y cómo migrar para usar Gemini.

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API de PaLM: Guía de inicio rápido de incorporaciones con Python

Ver en ai.google.dev

Ejecutar en Google Colab

Ver código fuente en GitHub

En este notebook, aprenderás a dar tus primeros pasos con la API de PaLM, que te brinda acceso a los modelos grandes de lenguaje de Google más recientes. Aquí, aprenderás a usar las funciones de generación de incorporaciones de la API de PaLM y verás un ejemplo de lo que puedes hacer con estas incorporaciones.

Configuración

Primero, descarga e instala la biblioteca de Python de la API de PaLM.

pip install -U google-generativeai

import numpy as np
import google.generativeai as palm

Obtén una clave de API

Para comenzar, deberás crear una clave de API.

palm.configure(api_key='PALM_KEY')

¿Qué son las incorporaciones?

Las incorporaciones son una técnica que se usa para representar texto (como palabras, oraciones o párrafos enteros) como una lista de números de punto flotante en un array. Estos números no son aleatorios. La idea clave es que el texto con significados similares tendrá incorporaciones similares. Puedes usar la relación entre ellos para muchas tareas importantes.

Generación de incorporaciones

En esta sección, verás cómo generar incorporaciones para un texto con la función palm.generate_embeddings de la API de PaLM. Aquí hay una lista de modelos que admiten esta función.

for model in palm.list_models():
  if 'embedText' in model.supported_generation_methods:
    print(model.name)

models/embedding-gecko-001

Usa la función palm.generate_embeddings y pasa el nombre del modelo y el texto. Obtendrás una lista de valores de punto flotante. Comienza con una consulta “¿Qué comen las ardillas?” y observa lo relacionados que dos cadenas diferentes están con ella.

x = 'What do squirrels eat?'

close_to_x = 'nuts and acorns'

different_from_x = 'This morning I woke up in San Francisco, and took a walk to the Bay Bridge. It was a good, sunny morning with no fog.'

model = "models/embedding-gecko-001"

# Create an embedding
embedding_x = palm.generate_embeddings(model=model, text=x)
embedding_close_to_x = palm.generate_embeddings(model=model, text=close_to_x)
embedding_different_from_x = palm.generate_embeddings(model=model, text=different_from_x)

print(embedding_x)

{'embedding': [-0.025894878, -0.02103396, 0.003574992, 0.00822288, 0.03276648, -0.10068223, -0.037702546, 0.01079403, 0.0001406235, -0.029412385, 0.01919925, 0.0048481044, 0.070619866, -0.013349887, 0.028378602, -0.018658886, -0.038629908, 0.056883123, 0.06332366, 0.039849922, -0.085393265, -0.016251814, -0.025535949, 0.0049480307, 0.048581485, -0.11295683, 0.033869933, 0.015498774, -0.07306243, 0.000857902, -0.022031788, -0.005298939, -0.08311722, -0.027091762, 0.042790364, 0.023175264, 0.011238991, -0.02432924, -0.0044626957, 0.05167071, 0.023430848, 0.027325166, -0.01492389, -0.018770715, -0.003783692, 0.040971957, -0.044652887, 0.033220302, -0.05659744, -0.055191413, -0.0023204528, -0.043687623, 0.030044463, -0.015966717, -0.04318426, 0.015735775, -0.038352676, -0.005009736, -0.03289721, 0.016246213, -0.005696393, -0.0010992853, -0.02768714, -0.03534994, -0.045970507, 0.05784305, -0.026696421, -0.013302212, 0.007055761, -0.05885901, 0.03330113, 0.04399591, 0.020755561, 0.0028288597, 0.037333105, 0.0103595415, -0.01942964, 0.033088185, 0.009558319, -0.06524442, -0.07101354, -0.053975347, -0.003952934, -0.11641813, -0.039488368, -0.0033782825, -0.017735159, 0.03198736, 0.014555729, 0.050724585, -0.07849815, -0.0070436746, 0.017992217, -0.003975652, -0.0039650565, 0.08063971, -0.011685766, -0.018323965, 0.007763516, 0.012011537, 0.028457757, -0.099603206, 0.0328822, 0.0063217366, 0.051288057, 0.060445003, -0.007725884, -0.0033487668, -0.02697037, -0.04471915, 0.014793467, 0.0029390613, -0.04365732, -0.036976494, 0.05571355, -0.034228597, 0.05610819, 0.0016565409, 0.06461147, 0.012197695, -0.029221235, 0.015400638, 0.009992722, -0.0126949195, 0.027302667, 0.04309881, 0.013308768, -0.034253325, -0.028620966, 0.0032988666, 0.008901495, 0.0051033413, 0.08693829, -0.035939537, -0.00014025549, -0.0021354076, 0.043875773, -0.057092454, 0.0048032254, 0.04456835, -0.01337361, 0.018620204, -0.0037525205, 0.018113593, -0.0024051766, -0.006519982, 0.043426506, -0.028869089, -0.07003764, -0.027043046, -0.047674373, -0.036566455, -0.029664699, 0.054604772, 0.056459025, 0.016209831, 0.06588335, 0.07294827, -0.07351654, -0.050157, 0.05211485, -0.02302033, 0.022877783, 0.013553745, -0.019406103, -0.0058154585, 0.0373227, 0.0052685454, 0.02164789, -0.019631775, -0.015719362, -0.06862338, 0.021698158, -0.013781832, 0.06955018, -0.023942512, -0.018029014, -0.018007774, -0.0059923544, -0.02771734, -0.0019507131, -0.069619514, 0.054189045, 0.0021985532, -0.01132558, 0.015128105, 0.015424623, -0.038302787, -0.038970694, 0.044268098, 0.015156813, 0.030262465, -0.0010455108, -0.032175235, -0.03357542, -9.529959e-05, 0.062028274, -0.10134925, -0.009874221, 0.051682726, -0.022124732, 0.010147164, -0.012185555, 0.03731382, -0.00059438165, -0.017981028, -0.070909515, 0.02605233, 0.06992509, 0.026033426, -0.023944097, -0.047794044, 0.0204043, 0.025562089, -0.01985736, -0.027300185, 0.029983355, -0.0821883, -0.018791717, -0.004772287, -0.02490102, -0.010111937, 0.050968856, 0.029660473, 3.4716293e-05, -0.017517656, 0.023977743, 0.022549666, 0.04181301, 0.007500569, -0.0019229053, 0.023285722, -0.010899088, -0.004949611, -0.012531907, 0.041027624, -0.004620342, -0.013926477, -0.020054528, 0.026111232, -0.06232942, 0.09978252, -0.044156674, 0.061204664, 0.007044644, -0.0027112814, 0.04620226, 0.006134901, 0.03983195, -0.009853767, 0.0137631735, -0.07085734, 0.009606741, -0.008636412, 0.050337072, 0.045284208, -0.0032710661, -0.016086245, 0.008386805, -0.007903436, 0.0350885, 0.0025110857, 0.04684593, 0.12780859, -0.038998656, -0.029157333, -0.029113598, 0.0074333544, 0.05532698, -0.034412585, -0.00013683736, -0.020530468, 0.06506163, 0.0019480588, 0.0030335467, -0.018495142, -0.054084025, 0.023021378, -0.010500294, -0.007759436, -0.020039978, -0.017755102, 0.0006766737, 0.014525485, -0.026014434, 0.002474586, -0.027173916, 0.0093613025, 0.0058087856, 0.0006998545, 0.04791365, -0.04368597, -0.015235596, 0.0069595333, 0.009612967, -0.0009247106, 0.033619776, -0.00649697, -0.04766721, 0.0391879, -0.010284179, -0.006610166, -0.0020641836, -0.05440346, -0.007050968, -0.015853178, -0.031741284, -0.02172385, 0.03021658, -0.0012069787, 0.050265886, 0.04510601, -0.024716277, -0.05543306, -0.06419837, -0.014273427, -0.023703339, 0.0017521745, -0.056149185, 0.0069642677, 0.0065768356, 0.035255834, 0.039023213, 0.016403731, 0.025051782, 0.00695039, -0.05579997, 0.013183741, 0.08474835, -0.012680079, 0.0041794777, 0.02355896, -0.07197163, 0.024911461, -0.018766653, 0.025204346, 0.0048066434, 0.04904056, 0.016669538, -0.037882168, -0.021643393, 0.0053031743, -0.031009668, -0.016543044, -0.020345997, -0.005761681, -0.0743119, -0.02601627, -0.023271384, -0.07075993, -0.0029876109, 0.0066218525, -0.061091717, 0.032953493, 0.03662513, 0.010290128, 0.05418312, -0.03828874, 0.03312786, -0.014862627, -0.03720938, 0.018570531, -0.020742243, 0.048026983, 0.005438336, 0.020241424, -0.04405181, 0.030792728, 0.033958763, -0.023588262, 0.037658524, 0.010072951, 0.0064869304, 0.019048406, -0.06919818, -0.017083945, -0.016801478, 0.0027415873, 0.008172279, 0.0019755305, -0.057162683, -0.0053946367, 0.0014972482, -0.033361986, -0.0033606717, 0.03242665, 0.072544955, 0.02279949, -0.046871353, -0.06308129, 0.029209439, 0.011341486, 0.032790348, -0.020073028, -0.0044093695, 0.08292041, -0.03140556, 0.009308279, -0.004211382, -0.052444175, 0.0180874, 0.008575959, -0.0013550716, -0.07186043, 0.028372435, 0.024996122, 0.027749002, 0.016944503, -0.014632978, -0.06674174, -0.043031745, -0.044137582, 0.03530514, 0.030504197, 0.060496386, -0.06423886, 0.012235539, -0.05830343, -0.015868725, 0.041861057, 0.027080601, -0.014182999, -0.028095996, 0.0016349283, 0.010679886, 0.048808616, -0.058294244, -0.010633062, -0.056791265, -0.027161647, -0.030019993, -0.010299281, -0.03821823, -0.016588321, -0.0059704296, -0.053497788, 0.05661912, 0.005010262, -0.020186698, -0.03151958, -0.07490499, 0.045715272, -0.03747153, 0.02902543, 0.015007152, -0.01799195, 0.0079564275, -0.028715475, -0.018788284, -0.041037183, 0.012932907, -0.0072463937, -0.0046510296, 0.052094106, 0.047214568, -0.05604256, 0.006124289, -0.06112983, -0.028900363, -0.0033062366, -0.016411366, -0.03985708, -0.005927899, 0.027991273, -0.034023542, 0.0023991684, 0.020010024, 0.014298016, 0.017212953, 0.002652654, -0.08308305, 0.01726592, 0.013845524, 0.0065021385, 0.0364733, 0.020361774, 0.09685079, 0.04039578, 0.016480403, -0.08329836, -0.06590067, 0.00012861127, -0.055775307, 0.0065172235, -0.018937778, -0.021399701, 0.0004559998, -0.0097613875, -0.003239602, 0.0041429265, 0.059930306, -0.01656465, 0.018544743, -0.03232914, 0.006037772, -0.06402926, 0.05761484, -0.02093143, 0.018229362, 0.024098346, 0.025045564, -0.009451666, -0.010259512, 0.006660359, -0.029620942, -0.03495546, -0.06783166, -0.03193859, -0.04261954, 0.027878316, 0.023951625, 0.016354026, -0.0015310713, -0.05785183, -0.04868827, -0.06779814, -0.09212996, 0.04355289, 0.02634198, 0.045933742, -0.012108333, -0.017381534, 0.012251423, 0.035591044, 0.05024221, 0.056855064, 0.0101336455, -0.009532219, -0.054251555, 0.034745548, 0.020292252, 0.033525895, -0.040225316, -0.00015249893, -0.07806101, 0.0075722514, 0.015309747, 0.022623314, 0.06536824, 0.064232446, -0.01557734, -0.04813796, -0.013913105, 0.020742541, 0.060864896, -0.056623433, 0.057601452, -1.6570028e-05, 0.010925783, 0.0036125665, 0.032784764, -0.0801319, -0.048450164, 0.06296668, 0.02989288, -0.011754737, -0.0010066505, -0.05441974, -0.017106231, -0.04285682, -0.005424776, -0.028312048, -0.0022843084, -0.02028908, -0.007416978, 0.016722959, 0.03343588, -0.049168676, 0.003828647, 0.043084797, -0.011436926, -0.017679023, -0.012748326, -0.015104218, 0.008225339, -0.005965197, -0.010827806, -0.015990732, 0.031933613, 0.01862576, -0.013171726, 0.007987761, -0.018449496, 0.041906953, -0.020788714, 0.03404006, -0.00086082605, -0.007771558, 0.023855729, -0.00295711, -0.0085285455, -0.0556957, -0.005321175, 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-0.013629232, -0.03840216, 0.06655019, 0.009643849, 0.025085986, -0.018909356, -0.011246176, -0.05254555, -0.06776485, -0.02931862, 0.014850466, 0.029691922, -0.04090594, 0.0544204, 0.01552631, 0.02912549, -0.0020693596, 0.038805272, -0.009980787, 0.031122748, -0.05562063, 0.021108221, 0.0103203785, 0.044171233, 0.009732269, -0.0011330071]}

Ahora que creaste las incorporaciones, usemos el producto de puntos para ver la relación que tienen close_to_x y different_from_x con x. El producto escalar devuelve un valor entre -1 y 1 y representa qué tan cerca se alinean dos vectores en términos de la dirección a la que apuntan. Cuanto más cerca esté el valor de 0, menos similares a los objetos (en este caso, dos cadenas). Cuanto más cerca esté el valor de 1, más similares serán.

similar_measure = np.dot(embedding_x['embedding'], embedding_close_to_x['embedding'])

print(similar_measure)

0.7314063252924405

different_measure = np.dot(embedding_x['embedding'], embedding_different_from_x['embedding'])

print(different_measure)

0.43560702838194704

Como se muestra aquí, el valor del producto punto más alto entre las incorporaciones de x y close_to_x demuestra más relación que las incorporaciones de x y different_from_x.

¿Qué puedes hacer con las incorporaciones?

Generaste tu primer conjunto de incorporaciones con la API de PaLM. Pero ¿qué puedes hacer con esta lista de valores de punto flotante? Las incorporaciones se pueden usar para una amplia variedad de tareas de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN), incluidas las siguientes:

Buscar (documentos, Web, etc.)
Sistemas de recomendación
Agrupamiento en clústeres
Análisis de opiniones/clasificación de texto

Puedes consultar ejemplos aquí.