PaLM API tidak digunakan lagi untuk digunakan dengan layanan dan alat AI Google (tetapi tidak untuk Vertex AI). Pelajari lebih lanjut penghentian penggunaan ini, linimasanya, dan cara bermigrasi untuk menggunakan Gemini di panduan penghentian penggunaan PaLM API.

Halaman ini diterjemahkan oleh Cloud Translation API.

PaLM API: Panduan memulai Embeddings dengan Python

Lihat di ai.google.dev

Menjalankan di Google Colab

Lihat sumber di GitHub

Di notebook ini, Anda akan mempelajari cara memulai PaLM API, yang memberi Anda akses ke model bahasa besar terbaru Google. Di sini, Anda akan mempelajari cara menggunakan fitur pembuatan penyematan PaLM API, dan melihat contoh hal yang dapat Anda lakukan dengan embedding ini.

Penyiapan

Pertama, download dan instal library Python PaLM API.

pip install -U google-generativeai

import numpy as np
import google.generativeai as palm

Ambil Kunci API

Untuk memulai, Anda harus membuat kunci API.

palm.configure(api_key='PALM_KEY')

Apa itu embedding?

Embeddings adalah teknik yang digunakan untuk mewakili teks (seperti kata-kata, kalimat, atau seluruh paragraf) sebagai daftar angka floating point dalam array. Angka-angka ini tidak acak. Ide utamanya adalah teks dengan makna serupa akan memiliki embedding yang serupa. Anda dapat menggunakan hubungan di antara keduanya untuk banyak tugas penting.

Pembuatan penyematan

Di bagian ini, Anda akan melihat cara membuat embedding untuk sebuah teks menggunakan fungsi palm.generate_embeddings PaLM API. Berikut adalah daftar model yang mendukung fungsi ini.

for model in palm.list_models():
  if 'embedText' in model.supported_generation_methods:
    print(model.name)

models/embedding-gecko-001

Gunakan fungsi palm.generate_embeddings dan teruskan nama model serta teks. Anda akan mendapatkan daftar nilai floating point. Mulailah dengan kueri "Apa yang dimakan tupai?" dan lihat bagaimana hubungan dua {i>string<i} yang berbeda dengan tupai.

x = 'What do squirrels eat?'

close_to_x = 'nuts and acorns'

different_from_x = 'This morning I woke up in San Francisco, and took a walk to the Bay Bridge. It was a good, sunny morning with no fog.'

model = "models/embedding-gecko-001"

# Create an embedding
embedding_x = palm.generate_embeddings(model=model, text=x)
embedding_close_to_x = palm.generate_embeddings(model=model, text=close_to_x)
embedding_different_from_x = palm.generate_embeddings(model=model, text=different_from_x)

print(embedding_x)

{'embedding': [-0.025894878, -0.02103396, 0.003574992, 0.00822288, 0.03276648, -0.10068223, -0.037702546, 0.01079403, 0.0001406235, -0.029412385, 0.01919925, 0.0048481044, 0.070619866, -0.013349887, 0.028378602, -0.018658886, -0.038629908, 0.056883123, 0.06332366, 0.039849922, -0.085393265, -0.016251814, -0.025535949, 0.0049480307, 0.048581485, -0.11295683, 0.033869933, 0.015498774, -0.07306243, 0.000857902, -0.022031788, -0.005298939, -0.08311722, -0.027091762, 0.042790364, 0.023175264, 0.011238991, -0.02432924, -0.0044626957, 0.05167071, 0.023430848, 0.027325166, -0.01492389, -0.018770715, -0.003783692, 0.040971957, -0.044652887, 0.033220302, -0.05659744, -0.055191413, -0.0023204528, -0.043687623, 0.030044463, -0.015966717, -0.04318426, 0.015735775, -0.038352676, -0.005009736, -0.03289721, 0.016246213, -0.005696393, -0.0010992853, -0.02768714, -0.03534994, -0.045970507, 0.05784305, -0.026696421, -0.013302212, 0.007055761, -0.05885901, 0.03330113, 0.04399591, 0.020755561, 0.0028288597, 0.037333105, 0.0103595415, -0.01942964, 0.033088185, 0.009558319, -0.06524442, -0.07101354, -0.053975347, -0.003952934, -0.11641813, -0.039488368, -0.0033782825, -0.017735159, 0.03198736, 0.014555729, 0.050724585, -0.07849815, -0.0070436746, 0.017992217, -0.003975652, -0.0039650565, 0.08063971, -0.011685766, -0.018323965, 0.007763516, 0.012011537, 0.028457757, -0.099603206, 0.0328822, 0.0063217366, 0.051288057, 0.060445003, -0.007725884, -0.0033487668, -0.02697037, -0.04471915, 0.014793467, 0.0029390613, -0.04365732, -0.036976494, 0.05571355, -0.034228597, 0.05610819, 0.0016565409, 0.06461147, 0.012197695, -0.029221235, 0.015400638, 0.009992722, -0.0126949195, 0.027302667, 0.04309881, 0.013308768, -0.034253325, -0.028620966, 0.0032988666, 0.008901495, 0.0051033413, 0.08693829, -0.035939537, -0.00014025549, -0.0021354076, 0.043875773, -0.057092454, 0.0048032254, 0.04456835, -0.01337361, 0.018620204, -0.0037525205, 0.018113593, -0.0024051766, -0.006519982, 0.043426506, -0.028869089, -0.07003764, -0.027043046, -0.047674373, -0.036566455, -0.029664699, 0.054604772, 0.056459025, 0.016209831, 0.06588335, 0.07294827, -0.07351654, -0.050157, 0.05211485, -0.02302033, 0.022877783, 0.013553745, -0.019406103, -0.0058154585, 0.0373227, 0.0052685454, 0.02164789, -0.019631775, -0.015719362, -0.06862338, 0.021698158, -0.013781832, 0.06955018, -0.023942512, -0.018029014, -0.018007774, -0.0059923544, -0.02771734, -0.0019507131, -0.069619514, 0.054189045, 0.0021985532, -0.01132558, 0.015128105, 0.015424623, -0.038302787, -0.038970694, 0.044268098, 0.015156813, 0.030262465, -0.0010455108, -0.032175235, -0.03357542, -9.529959e-05, 0.062028274, -0.10134925, -0.009874221, 0.051682726, -0.022124732, 0.010147164, -0.012185555, 0.03731382, -0.00059438165, -0.017981028, -0.070909515, 0.02605233, 0.06992509, 0.026033426, -0.023944097, -0.047794044, 0.0204043, 0.025562089, -0.01985736, -0.027300185, 0.029983355, -0.0821883, -0.018791717, -0.004772287, -0.02490102, -0.010111937, 0.050968856, 0.029660473, 3.4716293e-05, -0.017517656, 0.023977743, 0.022549666, 0.04181301, 0.007500569, -0.0019229053, 0.023285722, -0.010899088, -0.004949611, -0.012531907, 0.041027624, -0.004620342, -0.013926477, -0.020054528, 0.026111232, -0.06232942, 0.09978252, -0.044156674, 0.061204664, 0.007044644, -0.0027112814, 0.04620226, 0.006134901, 0.03983195, -0.009853767, 0.0137631735, -0.07085734, 0.009606741, -0.008636412, 0.050337072, 0.045284208, -0.0032710661, -0.016086245, 0.008386805, -0.007903436, 0.0350885, 0.0025110857, 0.04684593, 0.12780859, -0.038998656, -0.029157333, -0.029113598, 0.0074333544, 0.05532698, -0.034412585, -0.00013683736, -0.020530468, 0.06506163, 0.0019480588, 0.0030335467, -0.018495142, -0.054084025, 0.023021378, -0.010500294, -0.007759436, -0.020039978, -0.017755102, 0.0006766737, 0.014525485, -0.026014434, 0.002474586, -0.027173916, 0.0093613025, 0.0058087856, 0.0006998545, 0.04791365, -0.04368597, -0.015235596, 0.0069595333, 0.009612967, -0.0009247106, 0.033619776, -0.00649697, -0.04766721, 0.0391879, -0.010284179, -0.006610166, -0.0020641836, -0.05440346, -0.007050968, -0.015853178, -0.031741284, -0.02172385, 0.03021658, -0.0012069787, 0.050265886, 0.04510601, -0.024716277, -0.05543306, -0.06419837, -0.014273427, -0.023703339, 0.0017521745, -0.056149185, 0.0069642677, 0.0065768356, 0.035255834, 0.039023213, 0.016403731, 0.025051782, 0.00695039, -0.05579997, 0.013183741, 0.08474835, -0.012680079, 0.0041794777, 0.02355896, -0.07197163, 0.024911461, -0.018766653, 0.025204346, 0.0048066434, 0.04904056, 0.016669538, -0.037882168, -0.021643393, 0.0053031743, -0.031009668, -0.016543044, -0.020345997, -0.005761681, -0.0743119, -0.02601627, -0.023271384, -0.07075993, -0.0029876109, 0.0066218525, -0.061091717, 0.032953493, 0.03662513, 0.010290128, 0.05418312, -0.03828874, 0.03312786, -0.014862627, -0.03720938, 0.018570531, -0.020742243, 0.048026983, 0.005438336, 0.020241424, -0.04405181, 0.030792728, 0.033958763, -0.023588262, 0.037658524, 0.010072951, 0.0064869304, 0.019048406, -0.06919818, -0.017083945, -0.016801478, 0.0027415873, 0.008172279, 0.0019755305, -0.057162683, -0.0053946367, 0.0014972482, -0.033361986, -0.0033606717, 0.03242665, 0.072544955, 0.02279949, -0.046871353, -0.06308129, 0.029209439, 0.011341486, 0.032790348, -0.020073028, -0.0044093695, 0.08292041, -0.03140556, 0.009308279, -0.004211382, -0.052444175, 0.0180874, 0.008575959, -0.0013550716, -0.07186043, 0.028372435, 0.024996122, 0.027749002, 0.016944503, -0.014632978, -0.06674174, -0.043031745, -0.044137582, 0.03530514, 0.030504197, 0.060496386, -0.06423886, 0.012235539, -0.05830343, -0.015868725, 0.041861057, 0.027080601, -0.014182999, -0.028095996, 0.0016349283, 0.010679886, 0.048808616, -0.058294244, -0.010633062, -0.056791265, -0.027161647, -0.030019993, -0.010299281, -0.03821823, -0.016588321, -0.0059704296, -0.053497788, 0.05661912, 0.005010262, -0.020186698, -0.03151958, -0.07490499, 0.045715272, -0.03747153, 0.02902543, 0.015007152, -0.01799195, 0.0079564275, -0.028715475, -0.018788284, -0.041037183, 0.012932907, -0.0072463937, -0.0046510296, 0.052094106, 0.047214568, -0.05604256, 0.006124289, -0.06112983, -0.028900363, -0.0033062366, -0.016411366, -0.03985708, -0.005927899, 0.027991273, -0.034023542, 0.0023991684, 0.020010024, 0.014298016, 0.017212953, 0.002652654, -0.08308305, 0.01726592, 0.013845524, 0.0065021385, 0.0364733, 0.020361774, 0.09685079, 0.04039578, 0.016480403, -0.08329836, -0.06590067, 0.00012861127, -0.055775307, 0.0065172235, -0.018937778, -0.021399701, 0.0004559998, -0.0097613875, -0.003239602, 0.0041429265, 0.059930306, -0.01656465, 0.018544743, -0.03232914, 0.006037772, -0.06402926, 0.05761484, -0.02093143, 0.018229362, 0.024098346, 0.025045564, -0.009451666, -0.010259512, 0.006660359, -0.029620942, -0.03495546, -0.06783166, -0.03193859, -0.04261954, 0.027878316, 0.023951625, 0.016354026, -0.0015310713, -0.05785183, -0.04868827, -0.06779814, -0.09212996, 0.04355289, 0.02634198, 0.045933742, -0.012108333, -0.017381534, 0.012251423, 0.035591044, 0.05024221, 0.056855064, 0.0101336455, -0.009532219, -0.054251555, 0.034745548, 0.020292252, 0.033525895, -0.040225316, -0.00015249893, -0.07806101, 0.0075722514, 0.015309747, 0.022623314, 0.06536824, 0.064232446, -0.01557734, -0.04813796, -0.013913105, 0.020742541, 0.060864896, -0.056623433, 0.057601452, -1.6570028e-05, 0.010925783, 0.0036125665, 0.032784764, -0.0801319, -0.048450164, 0.06296668, 0.02989288, -0.011754737, -0.0010066505, -0.05441974, -0.017106231, -0.04285682, -0.005424776, -0.028312048, -0.0022843084, -0.02028908, -0.007416978, 0.016722959, 0.03343588, -0.049168676, 0.003828647, 0.043084797, -0.011436926, -0.017679023, -0.012748326, -0.015104218, 0.008225339, -0.005965197, -0.010827806, -0.015990732, 0.031933613, 0.01862576, -0.013171726, 0.007987761, -0.018449496, 0.041906953, -0.020788714, 0.03404006, -0.00086082605, -0.007771558, 0.023855729, -0.00295711, -0.0085285455, -0.0556957, -0.005321175, -0.018151492, -0.011129989, -0.05183511, 0.0053123147, 0.009127998, -0.011530388, 0.009631709, 0.0041047884, -0.0353711, 0.052883077, -0.01532676, 0.03040235, 0.008731032, -0.00441319, 0.01950203, 0.014064995, 0.03141337, 0.018041868, 0.059427522, 0.048374873, -0.019928444, -0.004559623, 0.021962427, -0.08567552, -0.007796494, 0.033520035, 0.009779213, 0.05753526, 0.010492746, -0.039363436, -0.103733934, -0.024229618, 0.0062162466, -0.017748242, 0.005122951, -0.055344906, -0.010650967, 0.0309389, -0.073542334, -0.014872006, -0.003081951, 0.016437916, -0.0040901243, 0.0018574661, 0.03331834, 0.005815743, 0.022556618, 0.076257, -0.0065593896, -0.026774084, -0.016839791, 0.008689688, -0.015184644, 0.0073800148, -0.018499345, -0.036080927, 0.053406574, 0.015944907, -0.014478417, -0.021485219, -0.018035412, -0.038147416, 0.014293582, -0.021055873, 0.0314314, -0.07782329, 0.015536577, -0.031045694, 0.059434652, -0.020065695, 0.052754566, -0.08380041, 0.06855744, 0.012167185, -0.015827801, 0.04380172, 0.020258602, -0.058169313, -0.04435873, -0.013054301, -0.041333184, -0.02302342, 0.029140746, 0.00812361, 0.033690967, -0.0030892044, 0.052916355, -0.04835076, -0.0101818545, -0.05420185, -0.033779036, 0.02638142, -0.028346056, -0.02331669, -0.005781761, 0.012981267, -0.0055279816, 0.010089179, -0.04489518, -0.024379171, 0.007590703, -0.025511196, -0.06555892, 0.008145539, 0.021736145, -0.033178225, 0.026871512, -0.05637406, -0.030885229, 0.014512168, -0.008024667, 0.026689196, 0.004108927, -0.04103957, 0.0080031715, -0.0030232186, -0.036158007, 0.04256502, -0.0001681743, 0.0117336465, 0.025762333, -0.010921032, -0.0010622365, -0.07185124, 0.029530818, 0.009698986, 0.011916085, 0.0022654524, 0.07175238, 0.029233111, -0.020834876, -0.052442703, 0.011248308, 0.005422925, 0.018166017, 0.0472275, -0.013550265, 0.0350743, -0.010435109, 0.047774173, 0.021216916, -0.0026447468, -0.021085296, 0.013272342, -0.0133805, 0.02943836, -0.032338675, 0.0021435472, -0.016289461, -0.013629232, -0.03840216, 0.06655019, 0.009643849, 0.025085986, -0.018909356, -0.011246176, -0.05254555, -0.06776485, -0.02931862, 0.014850466, 0.029691922, -0.04090594, 0.0544204, 0.01552631, 0.02912549, -0.0020693596, 0.038805272, -0.009980787, 0.031122748, -0.05562063, 0.021108221, 0.0103203785, 0.044171233, 0.009732269, -0.0011330071]}

Setelah Anda membuat embeddings, mari kita gunakan produk titik untuk melihat keterkaitan close_to_x dan different_from_x dengan x. Produk titik mengembalikan nilai antara -1 dan 1, dan menunjukkan seberapa dekat dua vektor selaras dalam hal arah yang dituju. Semakin dekat nilainya dengan 0, semakin kurang mirip dengan objek (dalam hal ini, dua {i>string<i}). Semakin dekat nilainya dengan 1, semakin mirip keduanya.

similar_measure = np.dot(embedding_x['embedding'], embedding_close_to_x['embedding'])

print(similar_measure)

0.7314063252924405

different_measure = np.dot(embedding_x['embedding'], embedding_different_from_x['embedding'])

print(different_measure)

0.43560702838194704

Seperti ditunjukkan di sini, nilai produk titik yang lebih tinggi antara embedding x dan close_to_x menunjukkan keterkaitan yang lebih besar daripada embedding x dan different_from_x.

Apa yang dapat dilakukan dengan embedding?

Anda telah membuat set embedding pertama dengan PaLM API. Namun, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan dengan daftar nilai floating point ini? Embedding dapat digunakan untuk berbagai tugas natural language processing (NLP), termasuk:

Telusuri (dokumen, web, dll.)
Sistem rekomendasi
Dukungan
Analisis sentimen/klasifikasi teks

Anda dapat menemukan contohnya di sini.