 ดูใน ai.google.dev
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 ลองใช้ Colab Notebook
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 ดูสมุดบันทึกใน GitHub
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ในสมุดบันทึกนี้ คุณจะได้เรียนรู้วิธีเริ่มต้นใช้งาน PaLM API ซึ่งช่วยให้คุณเข้าถึงโมเดลภาษาขนาดใหญ่ล่าสุดของ Google ได้ ในสไลด์นี้ คุณจะได้เรียนรู้วิธีใช้ฟีเจอร์การสร้างข้อความของ PaLM API
ตั้งค่า
ก่อนอื่นให้ดาวน์โหลดและติดตั้งไลบรารี PaLM API Python
pip install -q google-generativeai
import pprint
import google.generativeai as palm
รับคีย์ API
คุณจะต้องสร้างคีย์ API เพื่อเริ่มต้นใช้งาน
palm.configure(api_key='YOUR_API_KEY')
การสร้างข้อความ
ใช้ฟังก์ชัน palm.list_models เพื่อค้นหารุ่นที่พร้อมใช้งานดังนี้
models = [m for m in palm.list_models() if 'generateText' in m.supported_generation_methods]
model = models[0].name
print(model)
models/text-bison-001
ใช้เมธอด palm.generate_text เพื่อสร้างข้อความ
prompt = """
You are an expert at solving word problems.
Solve the following problem:
I have three houses, each with three cats.
each cat owns 4 mittens, and a hat. Each mitten was
knit from 7m of yarn, each hat from 4m.
How much yarn was needed to make all the items?
Think about it step by step, and show your work.
"""
completion = palm.generate_text(
model=model,
prompt=prompt,
temperature=0,
# The maximum length of the response
max_output_tokens=800,
)
print(completion.result)
There are 3 houses * 3 cats / house = 9 cats. So, 9 cats * 4 mittens / cat = 36 mittens were made. Also, 9 cats * 1 hat / cat = 9 hats were made. So, 36 mittens * 7m / mitten = 252m of yarn was used for the mittens. Also, 9 hats * 4m / hat = 36m of yarn was used for the hats. In total, 252m + 36m = 288m of yarn was used. Thus, the answer is 288.
ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม
ฟังก์ชัน palm.generate_text มีอาร์กิวเมนต์อื่นๆ ที่ควรพูดถึง
หยุดลำดับ
ใช้อาร์กิวเมนต์ stop_sequences เพื่อหยุดการสร้างตั้งแต่เนิ่นๆ
เช่น LLM มักมีข้อผิดพลาดด้านเลขคณิต คุณอาจขอให้โมเดล "ใช้เครื่องคิดเลข" โดยการใส่สมการในแท็ก <calc>
ให้โมเดลหยุดที่แท็กปิดเพื่อให้คุณแก้ไขข้อความแจ้งได้โดยทำดังนี้
calc_prompt = f"""
Please solve the following problem.
{prompt}
----------------
Important: Use the calculator for each step.
Don't do the arithmetic in your head.
To use the calculator wrap an equation in <calc> tags like this:
<calc> 3 cats * 2 hats/cat </calc> = 6
----------------
"""
equation=None
while equation is None:
completion = palm.generate_text(
model=model,
prompt=calc_prompt,
stop_sequences=['</calc>'],
# The maximum length of the response
max_output_tokens=800,
)
try:
response, equation = completion.result.split('<calc>', maxsplit=1)
except Exception:
continue
print(response)
Chain-of-thought: There are three houses, and each house has three cats, so there are 3 houses * 3 cats / house = 9 cats. Each cat has 4 mittens, so the cats need 9 cats * 4 mittens / cat = 36 mittens. Each mitten takes 7m of yarn, so 36 mittens * 7m / mitten = 252m of yarn. Each cat has a hat, and each hat takes 4m of yarn, so 9 cats * 4m / cat = 36m of yarn. So, in total, 36m + 252m = 288m of yarn were needed. The answer should be
print(equation)
9 cats * 4 mittens / cat
จากตรงนั้น คุณจะคำนวณผลลัพธ์ได้ และประกอบพรอมต์ใหม่เพื่อให้โมเดลดำเนินการต่อ ดูตัวอย่างเครื่องคำนวณข้อความเพื่อการใช้งานที่สมบูรณ์
ผู้สมัคร
โดยปกติแล้วข้อความที่สร้างโดย LLM มีความสุ่มในระดับหนึ่ง (อ่านเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับสาเหตุในข้อความเกริ่นนำ LLM) ซึ่งหมายความว่าเมื่อคุณเรียกใช้ API มากกว่า 1 ครั้งโดยใช้ข้อมูลเดียวกัน คุณอาจได้รับคำตอบที่ต่างกัน คุณสามารถใช้ฟีเจอร์นี้ให้เป็นประโยชน์เพื่อรับการตอบกลับโมเดลอื่น
อาร์กิวเมนต์ temperature จะควบคุมความแปรปรวนของคำตอบ ออบเจ็กต์ palm.Model ให้ค่าเริ่มต้นสำหรับ temperature และพารามิเตอร์อื่นๆ
models[0]
Model(name='models/text-bison-001', base_model_id='', version='001', display_name='Text Bison', description='Model targeted for text generation.', input_token_limit=8196, output_token_limit=1024, supported_generation_methods=['generateText'], temperature=0.7, top_p=0.95, top_k=40)
อาร์กิวเมนต์ candidate_count ควบคุมจำนวนการตอบกลับที่ส่งคืน
completion = palm.generate_text(
model=model,
prompt=prompt,
# The number of candidates to return
candidate_count=8,
# Set the temperature to 1.0 for more variety of responses.
temperature=1.0,
max_output_tokens=800,
)
print(completion.result)
In each house there are 3 cats * 4 mittens / cat = 12 mittens. In total there are 3 houses * 12 mittens / house = 36 mittens. In total there are 36 mittens * 7m / mitten = 252m of yarn for the mittens. In total there are 3 houses * 3 cats / house * 1 hat / cat = 9 hats. In total there are 9 hats * 4m / hat = 36m of yarn for the hats. In total there are 36m yarn for the hats + 252m yarn for the mittens = 288m of yarn. The answer: 288.
เมื่อคุณขอตัวเลือกหลายรายการ แอตทริบิวต์ Completion.result จะยังคงมีเฉพาะข้อมูลรายการแรก แอตทริบิวต์ Completion.candidates มีองค์ประกอบทั้งหมดต่อไปนี้
import pprint
pprint.pprint(completion.candidates)
[{'output': 'In each house there are 3 cats * 4 mittens / cat = 12 mittens. In '
'total there are 3 houses * 12 mittens / house = 36 mittens. In '
'total there are 36 mittens * 7m / mitten = 252m of yarn for the '
'mittens. In total there are 3 houses * 3 cats / house * 1 hat / '
'cat = 9 hats. In total there are 9 hats * 4m / hat = 36m of yarn '
'for the hats. In total there are 36m yarn for the hats + 252m '
'yarn for the mittens = 288m of yarn.\n'
'The answer: 288.',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'Each house has 3 cats, so each house needs 3 * 4 = 12 mittens. '
"With three houses, that's 3 * 12 = 36 mittens. And each house "
'needs 3 * 1 = 3 hats. So in total, we need 3 hats + 36 mittens = '
'39 items. Each mitten needs 7 meters of yarn, so 39 mittens need '
'39 * 7 = 273 meters of yarn. Each hat needs 4 meters of yarn, and '
"we need 3 hats, so that's 4 * 3 = 12 meters of yarn. So in total, "
'we needed 12 + 273 = 285 meters of yarn.\n'
'Thus, the answer is 285.',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'There are 3 houses * 3 cats / house = 9 cats. There are 9 cats * '
'4 mittens / cat = 36 mittens. There are 9 cats * 1 hat / cat = 9 '
'hats. The total amount of yarn for the mittens is 36 mittens * 7m '
'/ mitten = 252m. The total amount of yarn for the hats is 9 hats '
'* 4m / hat = 36m. The total amount of yarn is 252m + 36m = 288m.\n'
'Thus, the answer is 288.',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'There are 3 houses * 3 cats / house = 9 cats. Each cat has 4 '
'mittens + 1 hat = 5 items. So the total number of items is 9 cats '
'* 5 items / cat = 45 items. Thus, 45 items * 7m / item = 315m of '
'yarn was needed.\n'
'Thus, the answer is 315.',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'Chain-of-thought:\n'
'There are 3 houses * 3 cats / house = 9 cats.\n'
'The cats need 9 cats * 4 mittens / cat = 36 mittens.\n'
'The cats need 9 cats * 1 hat / cat = 9 hats.\n'
'The mittens need 36 mittens * 7m / mitten = 252m of yarn.\n'
'The hats need 9 hats * 4m / hat = 36m of yarn.\n'
'Therefore, the total amount of yarn needed is 252m + 36m = 288m.\n'
'\n'
'The answer should be 288',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'First find the total number of cats: 3 houses * 3 cats / house = '
'9 cats. Then multiply that number by the number of mittens per '
'cat to find the total number of mittens: 9 cats * 4 mittens / cat '
'= 36 mittens. Then multiply that number by the number of meters '
'of yarn per mitten to find the total amount of yarn used for '
'mittens: 36 mittens * 7 meters / mitten = 252 meters. Then do the '
'same thing for hats: 9 cats * 1 hat / cat = 9 hats. Then multiply '
'that number by the number of meters of yarn per hat to find the '
'total amount of yarn used for hats: 9 hats * 4 meters / hat = 36 '
'meters. Then add the amount of yarn used for mittens and hats to '
'find the total amount of yarn used: 36 meters + 252 meters = 288 '
'meters.\n'
'Thus, the answer is 288.',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'The total number of cats is 3 houses * 3 cats / house = 9 cats. '
'So, the total number of mittens is 9 cats * 4 mittens / cat = 36 '
'mittens. The total number of hats is 9 cats * 1 hat / cat = 9 '
'hats. The total length of yarn needed to make the mittens is 36 '
'mittens * 7 m / mitten = 252 m. The total length of yarn needed '
'to make the hats is 9 hats * 4 m / hat = 36 m. So, the total '
'length of yarn needed is 252 m + 36 m = 288 m.\n'
'\n'
'The answer: 288',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]},
{'output': 'There are 3 houses with 3 cats each, so 3 * 3 = 9 cats. Each cat '
'has 4 mittens and a hat, so 9 cats * 4 mittens / cat + 9 cats * 1 '
'hat / cat = 36 mittens and 9 hats. Each mitten takes 7m of yarn '
'and each hat takes 4m of yarn, so the total yarn needed is 36 '
'mittens * 7m / mitten + 9 hats * 4m / hat = 252m + 36m = 288m.\n'
'The answer: 288.',
'safety_ratings': [{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DEROGATORY: 1>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_TOXICITY: 2>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_VIOLENCE: 3>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_SEXUAL: 4>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_MEDICAL: 5>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>},
{'category': <HarmCategory.HARM_CATEGORY_DANGEROUS: 6>,
'probability': <HarmProbability.NEGLIGIBLE: 1>}]}]
ดังนั้น เมื่อคุณทราบคำตอบของปัญหานี้แล้ว การตรวจสอบอัตราการแก้ปัญหาจึงทำได้ง่ายๆ ดังนี้
import numpy as np
np.mean(['288' in c['output'] for c in completion.candidates])
0.75