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Pesquisa de documentos com embeddings

Ver em ai.google.dev

Executar no Google Colab

Consulte o código-fonte no GitHub

Visão geral

Neste exemplo, demonstramos como usar a API Gemini para criar embeddings e realizar a pesquisa de documentos. Você usará a biblioteca de cliente Python para criar uma incorporação de palavras que permita comparar strings de pesquisa, ou perguntas, com o conteúdo do documento.

Neste tutorial, você vai usar embeddings para pesquisar documentos em um conjunto de documentos e fazer perguntas relacionadas ao Google Car.

Pré-requisitos

Este guia de início rápido pode ser executado no Google Colab.

Para concluir este guia de início rápido no seu próprio ambiente de desenvolvimento, verifique se ele atende aos seguintes requisitos:

Python 3.9 ou superior
Uma instalação de jupyter para executar o notebook.

Configuração

Primeiro, faça o download e instale a biblioteca Python da API Gemini.

pip install -U -q google.generativeai

import textwrap
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

import google.generativeai as genai
import google.ai.generativelanguage as glm

# Used to securely store your API key
from google.colab import userdata

from IPython.display import Markdown

Obter uma chave de API

Antes de usar a API Gemini, é necessário ter uma chave de API. Se você ainda não tiver uma, crie uma chave com um clique no Google AI Studio.

Gerar uma chave de API

No Colab, adicione a chave ao gerenciador de secrets abaixo do "", no painel à esquerda. Dê o nome API_KEY a ela.

Quando você tiver a chave de API, transmita-a ao SDK. Faça isso de duas maneiras:

Coloque a chave na variável de ambiente GOOGLE_API_KEY. O SDK vai selecioná-la automaticamente de lá.
Transmita a chave para genai.configure(api_key=...)

# Or use `os.getenv('API_KEY')` to fetch an environment variable.
API_KEY=userdata.get('API_KEY')

genai.configure(api_key=API_KEY)

for m in genai.list_models():
  if 'embedContent' in m.supported_generation_methods:
    print(m.name)

models/embedding-001
models/embedding-001

Geração de embeddings

Nesta seção, você vai aprender a gerar embeddings para um texto usando embeddings da API Gemini.

Mudanças de API em embeddings com embeddings-001 do modelo

Para o novo modelo de embeddings, embedding-001, há um novo parâmetro de tipo de tarefa e o título opcional (válido somente com task_type=RETRIEVAL_DOCUMENT).

Esses novos parâmetros se aplicam somente aos modelos de embeddings mais recentes.Os tipos de tarefa são:

Tipo de tarefa	Descrição
RETRIEVAL_QUERY	Especifica que o texto é uma consulta em uma configuração de pesquisa/recuperação.
RETRIEVAL_DOCUMENT	Especifica que o texto é um documento em uma configuração de pesquisa/recuperação.
SEMANTIC_SIMILARITY	Especifica o texto a ser usado para similaridade textual semântica (STS).
CLASSIFICAÇÃO	Especifica que os embeddings serão usados para classificação.
CLUSTERING	Especifica que os embeddings serão usados para clustering.

title = "The next generation of AI for developers and Google Workspace"
sample_text = ("Title: The next generation of AI for developers and Google Workspace"
    "\n"
    "Full article:\n"
    "\n"
    "Gemini API & Google AI Studio: An approachable way to explore and prototype with generative AI applications")

model = 'models/embedding-001'
embedding = genai.embed_content(model=model,
                                content=sample_text,
                                task_type="retrieval_document",
                                title=title)

print(embedding)

{'embedding': [0.034585103, -0.044509504, -0.027291223, 0.0072681927, 0.061689284, 0.03362112, 0.028627988, 0.022681564, 0.04958079, 0.07274552, 0.011150464, 0.04200501, -0.029782884, -0.0041767005, 0.05074771, -0.056339227, 0.051204756, 0.04734613, -0.022025354, 0.025162602, 0.046016376, -0.003416976, -0.024010269, -0.044340927, -0.01520864, -0.013577372, -0.009918958, -0.028144406, -0.00024770075, 0.031201784, -0.072506696, 0.022366496, -0.032672316, -0.0025522006, -0.0019957912, -0.023193765, -0.020633291, -0.014031609, -0.00071676675, -0.0073200124, 0.014770645, -0.09390713, -0.017846372, 0.032825496, 0.017616265, -0.046674345, 0.03469292, 0.03386835, 0.0028274113, -0.07737739, 0.023789782, 0.025950644, 0.06952142, -0.029875675, -0.018693604, 0.007266584, -0.0067282487, 0.000802912, 0.020609016, 0.012406181, -0.018825717, 0.051171597, -0.0080359895, 0.008457639, 0.01197146, -0.080320396, -0.040698495, 0.0018266322, 0.042915005, 0.021464704, 0.022519842, 0.0059912056, 0.050887667, -0.04566639, -0.012651369, -0.14023173, -0.0274054, 0.04492792, 0.014709818, 0.037258334, -0.021294944, -0.041852854, -0.069640376, -0.030281356, -0.0070775123, 0.019886682, -0.050179508, -0.03839318, -0.014652514, 0.03370254, -0.02803748, -0.059206057, 0.055928297, -0.034912255, -0.007784368, 0.098106734, -0.06873356, -0.052850258, -0.011798939, -0.030071719, -0.026038093, 0.016752971, -0.020916667, 0.007365556, 0.017650642, 0.006677715, -0.036498126, 0.02110524, -0.05625146, 0.043038886, -0.06515849, -0.019825866, -0.010379261, -0.037537806, 0.017674655, -0.042821705, 0.014320703, 0.036735073, 0.011445211, 0.027352763, -0.0028090556, 0.009011982, 0.024146665, 0.002215841, -0.07397819, 0.008714616, -0.03377923, 0.034349587, 0.022429721, 0.052665956, -0.0021583177, -0.040462274, -0.019938014, 0.030099798, 0.009743918, 0.009111553, 0.026379738, -0.015910586, 0.010171418, 0.023996552, -0.031924065, 0.024775924, 0.014129728, 0.008913726, -0.010156162, 0.05407575, -0.080851324, 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0.00057833333, -0.04805651, 0.01602842, -0.005916167, -0.0020399855, 0.036410075, -0.09505558, -0.021768136, 0.021421269, 0.024159726, -0.013026249, -0.023113504, 0.02459358, 0.01643742, -0.0104496805, 0.033115752, 0.047128692, 0.05519812, -0.013151745, 0.03202098, 0.0014973703, -0.009810199, 0.09950044, 0.03161514, 0.022533545, 0.028800217, 0.011425177, -0.06616128, 0.018490529, -0.024615118, -0.01714155, -0.036444064, -0.024078121, 6.236274e-05, -0.025733253, -0.012052791, -0.0032004463, -0.007022415, -0.07943268, -0.010401283, 0.014510383, -0.017218677, 0.056253612, -0.028017681, -0.06288073, -0.0010291388, 0.042233694, -0.017423663, -0.014384363, 0.008450004, -0.006025767, 0.00068278343, 0.043332722, -0.048530027, -0.10272868, 0.016439026, -0.0043581687, 0.014065921, 0.015250153, 0.0035983857, 0.024789328, 0.052941743, 0.0023809967, -0.0041563907, -0.02350335, -0.05152261, -0.026173577, 0.025396436, -0.020441707, 0.0052804356, 0.017074147, -0.023429962, 0.028667469, -0.056579348, 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Como criar um banco de dados de embeddings

Aqui estão três textos de amostra para criar o banco de dados de embeddings. Você vai usar a API Gemini para criar embeddings de cada um dos documentos. Transforme-os em um DataFrame para uma melhor visualização.

DOCUMENT1 = {
    "title": "Operating the Climate Control System",
    "content": "Your Googlecar has a climate control system that allows you to adjust the temperature and airflow in the car. To operate the climate control system, use the buttons and knobs located on the center console.  Temperature: The temperature knob controls the temperature inside the car. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the temperature or counterclockwise to decrease the temperature. Airflow: The airflow knob controls the amount of airflow inside the car. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the airflow or counterclockwise to decrease the airflow. Fan speed: The fan speed knob controls the speed of the fan. Turn the knob clockwise to increase the fan speed or counterclockwise to decrease the fan speed. Mode: The mode button allows you to select the desired mode. The available modes are: Auto: The car will automatically adjust the temperature and airflow to maintain a comfortable level. Cool: The car will blow cool air into the car. Heat: The car will blow warm air into the car. Defrost: The car will blow warm air onto the windshield to defrost it."}
DOCUMENT2 = {
    "title": "Touchscreen",
    "content": "Your Googlecar has a large touchscreen display that provides access to a variety of features, including navigation, entertainment, and climate control. To use the touchscreen display, simply touch the desired icon.  For example, you can touch the \"Navigation\" icon to get directions to your destination or touch the \"Music\" icon to play your favorite songs."}
DOCUMENT3 = {
    "title": "Shifting Gears",
    "content": "Your Googlecar has an automatic transmission. To shift gears, simply move the shift lever to the desired position.  Park: This position is used when you are parked. The wheels are locked and the car cannot move. Reverse: This position is used to back up. Neutral: This position is used when you are stopped at a light or in traffic. The car is not in gear and will not move unless you press the gas pedal. Drive: This position is used to drive forward. Low: This position is used for driving in snow or other slippery conditions."}

documents = [DOCUMENT1, DOCUMENT2, DOCUMENT3]

Organizar o conteúdo do dicionário em um DataFrame para uma melhor visualização.

df = pd.DataFrame(documents)
df.columns = ['Title', 'Text']
df

Confira os embeddings de cada um desses corpos de texto. Adicione essas informações ao DataFrame.

# Get the embeddings of each text and add to an embeddings column in the dataframe
def embed_fn(title, text):
  return genai.embed_content(model=model,
                             content=text,
                             task_type="retrieval_document",
                             title=title)["embedding"]

df['Embeddings'] = df.apply(lambda row: embed_fn(row['Title'], row['Text']), axis=1)
df

Pesquisa de documentos com perguntas e respostas

Agora que os embeddings foram gerados, vamos criar um sistema de perguntas e respostas para pesquisar esses documentos. Você vai fazer uma pergunta sobre o ajuste de hiperparâmetros, criar um embedding da pergunta e compará-lo com a coleção de embeddings no DataFrame.

O embedding da pergunta será um vetor (lista de valores flutuantes), que será comparado com o vetor dos documentos que usam o produto escalar. Esse vetor retornado da API já está normalizado. O produto escalar representa a semelhança de direção entre dois vetores.

Os valores do produto escalar podem variar entre -1 e 1, inclusive. Se o produto escalar entre dois vetores for 1, eles estão na mesma direção. Se o valor do produto escalar for 0, esses vetores serão ortogonais ou não estão relacionados entre si. Por fim, se o produto escalar for -1, os vetores apontam na direção oposta e não são semelhantes entre si.

Com o novo modelo de embeddings (embedding-001), especifique o tipo de tarefa como QUERY para a consulta do usuário e DOCUMENT ao incorporar um texto de documento.

Tipo de tarefa	Descrição
RETRIEVAL_QUERY	Especifica que o texto é uma consulta em uma configuração de pesquisa/recuperação.
RETRIEVAL_DOCUMENT	Especifica que o texto é um documento em uma configuração de pesquisa/recuperação.

query = "How do you shift gears in the Google car?"
model = 'models/embedding-001'

request = genai.embed_content(model=model,
                              content=query,
                              task_type="retrieval_query")

Use a função find_best_passage para calcular os produtos escalares e, em seguida, classifique o DataFrame do maior para o menor valor do produto escalar para recuperar a passagem relevante do banco de dados.

def find_best_passage(query, dataframe):
  """
  Compute the distances between the query and each document in the dataframe
  using the dot product.
  """
  query_embedding = genai.embed_content(model=model,
                                        content=query,
                                        task_type="retrieval_query")
  dot_products = np.dot(np.stack(dataframe['Embeddings']), query_embedding["embedding"])
  idx = np.argmax(dot_products)
  return dataframe.iloc[idx]['Text'] # Return text from index with max value

Confira o documento mais relevante do banco de dados:

passage = find_best_passage(query, df)
passage

'Shifting Gears  Your Googlecar has an automatic transmission. To shift gears, simply move the shift lever to the desired position.  Park: This position is used when you are parked. The wheels are locked and the car cannot move. Reverse: This position is used to back up. Neutral: This position is used when you are stopped at a light or in traffic. The car is not in gear and will not move unless you press the gas pedal. Drive: This position is used to drive forward. Low: This position is used for driving in snow or other slippery conditions.'

Formulário de perguntas e respostas

Vamos tentar usar a API de geração de texto para criar um sistema de perguntas e respostas. Insira seus dados personalizados abaixo para criar um exemplo simples de perguntas e respostas. Você ainda usará o produto escalar como uma métrica de similaridade.

def make_prompt(query, relevant_passage):
  escaped = relevant_passage.replace("'", "").replace('"', "").replace("\n", " ")
  prompt = textwrap.dedent("""You are a helpful and informative bot that answers questions using text from the reference passage included below. \
  Be sure to respond in a complete sentence, being comprehensive, including all relevant background information. \
  However, you are talking to a non-technical audience, so be sure to break down complicated concepts and \
  strike a friendly and converstional tone. \
  If the passage is irrelevant to the answer, you may ignore it.
  QUESTION: '{query}'
  PASSAGE: '{relevant_passage}'

    ANSWER:
  """).format(query=query, relevant_passage=escaped)

  return prompt

prompt = make_prompt(query, passage)
print(prompt)

You are a helpful and informative bot that answers questions using text from the reference passage included below.   Be sure to respond in a complete sentence, being comprehensive, including all relevant background information.   However, you are talking to a non-technical audience, so be sure to break down complicated concepts and   strike a friendly and converstional tone.   If the passage is irrelevant to the answer, you may ignore it.
  QUESTION: 'How do you shift gears in the Google car?'
  PASSAGE: 'Shifting Gears  Your Googlecar has an automatic transmission. To shift gears, simply move the shift lever to the desired position.  Park: This position is used when you are parked. The wheels are locked and the car cannot move. Reverse: This position is used to back up. Neutral: This position is used when you are stopped at a light or in traffic. The car is not in gear and will not move unless you press the gas pedal. Drive: This position is used to drive forward. Low: This position is used for driving in snow or other slippery conditions.'

    ANSWER:

Escolha um dos modelos de geração de conteúdo do Gemini para encontrar a resposta à sua consulta.

for m in genai.list_models():
  if 'generateContent' in m.supported_generation_methods:
    print(m.name)

models/gemini-pro
models/gemini-pro-vision
models/gemini-ultra

model = genai.GenerativeModel('gemini-1.5-pro-latest')
answer = model.generate_content(prompt)

Markdown(answer.text)

O trecho fornecido não contém informações sobre como mudar de marcha em um carro do Google, então não é possível responder à sua pergunta nesta fonte.

Próximas etapas

Para saber como usar outros serviços na API Gemini, acesse o guia de início rápido do Python.