Gemini 3 Developer Guide

Gemini 3 is our most intelligent model family to date, built on a foundation of state-of-the-art reasoning. It is designed to bring any idea to life by mastering agentic workflows, autonomous coding, and complex multimodal tasks. This guide covers key features of the Gemini 3 model family and how to get the most out of it.

High/Dynamic Thinking Low Thinking

Gemini 3 Pro uses dynamic thinking by default to reason through prompts. For faster, lower-latency responses when complex reasoning isn't required, you can constrain the model's thinking level to low.

from google import genai
from google.genai import types

client = genai.Client()

response = client.models.generate_content(
    model="gemini-3-pro-preview",
    contents="Find the race condition in this multi-threaded C++ snippet: [code here]",
)

print(response.text)

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

async function run() {
  const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
    model: "gemini-3-pro-preview",
    contents="Find the race condition in this multi-threaded C++ snippet: [code here]",
  });

  console.log(response.text);
}

run();

curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/gemini-3-pro-preview:generateContent" \
  -H "x-goog-api-key: $GEMINI_API_KEY" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -X POST \
  -d '{
    "contents": [{
      "parts": [{"text": "Find the race condition in this multi-threaded C++ snippet: [code here]"}]
    }]
  }'

Explore

Explore our collection of Gemini 3 apps to see how the model handles advanced reasoning, autonomous coding, and complex multimodal tasks.

Meet Gemini 3

Gemini 3 Pro is the first model in the new series. gemini-3-pro-preview is best for your complex tasks that require broad world knowledge and advanced reasoning across modalities.

* Pricing is per 1 million tokens. Prices listed are for standard text; multimodal input rates may vary.

For detailed rate limits, batch pricing, and additional information, see the models page.

New API features in Gemini 3

Gemini 3 introduces new parameters designed to give developers more control over latency, cost, and multimodal fidelity.

Thinking level

The thinking_level parameter controls the maximum depth of the model's internal reasoning process before it produces a response. Gemini 3 treats these levels as relative allowances for thinking rather than strict token guarantees. If thinking_level is not specified, Gemini 3 Pro will default to high.

• low: Minimizes latency and cost. Best for simple instruction following, chat, or high-throughput applications
• medium: (Coming soon), not supported at launch
• high (Default): Maximizes reasoning depth. The model may take significantly longer to reach a first token, but the output will be more carefully reasoned.

Media resolution

Gemini 3 introduces granular control over multimodal vision processing via the media_resolution parameter. Higher resolutions improve the model's ability to read fine text or identify small details, but increase token usage and latency. The media_resolution parameter determines the maximum number of tokens allocated per input image or video frame.

You can now set the resolution to media_resolution_low, media_resolution_medium, or media_resolution_high per individual media part or globally (via generation_config). If unspecified, the model uses optimal defaults based on the media type.

Recommended settings

from google import genai
from google.genai import types
import base64

# The media_resolution parameter is currently only available in the v1alpha API version.
client = genai.Client(http_options={'api_version': 'v1alpha'})

response = client.models.generate_content(
    model="gemini-3-pro-preview",
    contents=[
        types.Content(
            parts=[
                types.Part(text="What is in this image?"),
                types.Part(
                    inline_data=types.Blob(
                        mime_type="image/jpeg",
                        data=base64.b64decode("..."),
                    ),
                    media_resolution={"level": "media_resolution_high"}
                )
            ]
        )
    ]
)

print(response.text)

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

// The media_resolution parameter is currently only available in the v1alpha API version.
const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiVersion: "v1alpha" });

async function run() {
  const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
    model: "gemini-3-pro-preview",
    contents: [
      {
        parts: [
          { text: "What is in this image?" },
          {
            inlineData: {
              mimeType: "image/jpeg",
              data: "...",
            },
            mediaResolution: {
              level: "media_resolution_high"
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  });

  console.log(response.text);
}

run();

curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1alpha/models/gemini-3-pro-preview:generateContent" \
  -H "x-goog-api-key: $GEMINI_API_KEY" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -X POST \
  -d '{
    "contents": [{
      "parts": [
        { "text": "What is in this image?" },
        {
          "inlineData": {
            "mimeType": "image/jpeg",
            "data": "..."
          },
          "mediaResolution": {
            "level": "media_resolution_high"
          }
        }
      ]
    }]
  }'

Temperature

For Gemini 3, we strongly recommend keeping the temperature parameter at its default value of 1.0.

While previous models often benefited from tuning temperature to control creativity versus determinism, Gemini 3's reasoning capabilities are optimized for the default setting. Changing the temperature (setting it below 1.0) may lead to unexpected behavior, such as looping or degraded performance, particularly in complex mathematical or reasoning tasks.

Thought signatures

Gemini 3 uses Thought signatures to maintain reasoning context across API calls. These signatures are encrypted representations of the model's internal thought process. To ensure the model maintains its reasoning capabilities you must return these signatures back to the model in your request exactly as they were received:

• Function Calling (Strict): The API enforces strict validation on the "Current Turn". Missing signatures will result in a 400 error.
• Text/Chat: Validation is not strictly enforced, but omitting signatures will degrade the model's reasoning and answer quality.

Function calling (strict validation)

When Gemini generates a functionCall, it relies on the thoughtSignature to process the tool's output correctly in the next turn. The "Current Turn" includes all Model (functionCall) and User (functionResponse) steps that occurred since the last standard User text message.

• Single Function Call: The functionCall part contains a signature. You must return it.
• Parallel Function Calls: Only the first functionCall part in the list will contain the signature. You must return the parts in the exact order received.
• Multi-Step (Sequential): If the model calls a tool, receives a result, and calls another tool (within the same turn), both function calls have signatures. You must return all accumulated signatures in the history.

Text and streaming

For standard chat or text generation, the presence of a signature is not guaranteed.

• Non-Streaming: The final content part of the response may contain a thoughtSignature, though it is not always present. If one is returned, you should send it back to maintain best performance.
• Streaming: If a signature is generated, it may arrive in a final chunk that contains an empty text part. Ensure your stream parser checks for signatures even if the text field is empty.

Code examples

// Model Response (Turn 1, Step 1)
  {
    "role": "model",
    "parts": [
      {
        "functionCall": { "name": "check_flight", "args": {...} },
        "thoughtSignature": "<Sig_A>" // SAVE THIS
      }
    ]
  }

// User Request (Turn 1, Step 2)
[
  { "role": "user", "parts": [{ "text": "Check flight AA100..." }] },
  { 
    "role": "model", 
    "parts": [
      { 
        "functionCall": { "name": "check_flight", "args": {...} }, 
        "thoughtSignature": "<Sig_A>" // REQUIRED
      } 
    ]
  },
  { "role": "user", "parts": [{ "functionResponse": { "name": "check_flight", "response": {...} } }] }
]

// Model Response (Turn 1, Step 3)
{
  "role": "model",
  "parts": [
    {
      "functionCall": { "name": "book_taxi", "args": {...} },
      "thoughtSignature": "<Sig_B>" // SAVE THIS
    }
  ]
}

// User Request (Turn 1, Step 4)
[
  // ... previous history ...
  { 
    "role": "model", 
    "parts": [
       { "functionCall": { "name": "check_flight", ... }, "thoughtSignature": "<Sig_A>" } 
    ]
  },
  { "role": "user", "parts": [{ "functionResponse": {...} }] },
  { 
    "role": "model", 
    "parts": [
       { "functionCall": { "name": "book_taxi", ... }, "thoughtSignature": "<Sig_B>" } 
    ]
  },
  { "role": "user", "parts": [{ "functionResponse": {...} }] }
]

// User Request (Sending Parallel Results)
[
  {
    "role": "user",
    "parts": [
      { "text": "Check the weather in Paris and London." }
    ]
  },
  {
    "role": "model",
    "parts": [
      // 1. First Function Call has the signature
      {
        "functionCall": { "name": "check_weather", "args": { "city": "Paris" } },
        "thoughtSignature": "<Signature_A>" 
      },
      // 2. Subsequent parallel calls DO NOT have signatures
      {
        "functionCall": { "name": "check_weather", "args": { "city": "London" } }
      } 
    ]
  },
  {
    "role": "user",
    "parts": [
      // 3. Function Responses are grouped together in the next block
      {
        "functionResponse": { "name": "check_weather", "response": { "temp": "15C" } }
      },
      {
        "functionResponse": { "name": "check_weather", "response": { "temp": "12C" } }
      }
    ]
  }
]

// User Request (Follow-up question)
[
  { 
    "role": "user", 
    "parts": [{ "text": "What are the risks of this investment?" }] 
  },
  { 
    "role": "model", 
    "parts": [
      {
        "text": "I need to calculate the risk step-by-step. First, I'll look at volatility...",
        "thoughtSignature": "<Signature_C>" // Recommended to include
      }
    ]
  },
  { 
    "role": "user", 
    "parts": [{ "text": "Summarize that in one sentence." }] 
  }
]

Migrating from other models

If you are transferring a conversation trace from another model (e.g., Gemini 2.5) or injecting a custom function call that was not generated by Gemini 3, you will not have a valid signature.

To bypass strict validation in these specific scenarios, populate the field with this specific dummy string: "thoughtSignature": "context_engineering_is_the_way_to_go"

Structured Outputs with tools

Gemini 3 allows you to combine Structured Outputs with built-in tools, including Grounding with Google Search, URL Context, and Code Execution.

from google import genai
from google.genai import types
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing import List

class MatchResult(BaseModel):
    winner: str = Field(description="The name of the winner.")
    final_match_score: str = Field(description="The final match score.")
    scorers: List[str] = Field(description="The name of the scorer.")

client = genai.Client()

response = client.models.generate_content(
    model="gemini-3-pro-preview",
    contents="Search for all details for the latest Euro.",
    config={
        "tools": [
            {"google_search": {}},
            {"url_context": {}}
        ],
        "response_mime_type": "application/json",
        "response_json_schema": MatchResult.model_json_schema(),
    },  
)

result = MatchResult.model_validate_json(response.text)
print(result)

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";
import { z } from "zod";
import { zodToJsonSchema } from "zod-to-json-schema";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

const matchSchema = z.object({
  winner: z.string().describe("The name of the winner."),
  final_match_score: z.string().describe("The final score."),
  scorers: z.array(z.string()).describe("The name of the scorer.")
});

async function run() {
  const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
    model: "gemini-3-pro-preview",
    contents: "Search for all details for the latest Euro.",
    config: {
      tools: [
        { googleSearch: {} },
        { urlContext: {} }
      ],
      responseMimeType: "application/json",
      responseJsonSchema: zodToJsonSchema(matchSchema),
    },
  });

  const match = matchSchema.parse(JSON.parse(response.text));
  console.log(match);
}

run();

curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/gemini-3-pro-preview:generateContent" \
  -H "x-goog-api-key: $GEMINI_API_KEY" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -X POST \
  -d '{
    "contents": [{
      "parts": [{"text": "Search for all details for the latest Euro."}]
    }],
    "tools": [
      {"googleSearch": {}},
      {"urlContext": {}}
    ],
    "generationConfig": {
        "responseMimeType": "application/json",
        "responseJsonSchema": {
            "type": "object",
            "properties": {
                "winner": {"type": "string", "description": "The name of the winner."},
                "final_match_score": {"type": "string", "description": "The final score."},
                "scorers": {
                    "type": "array",
                    "items": {"type": "string"},
                    "description": "The name of the scorer."
                }
            },
            "required": ["winner", "final_match_score", "scorers"]
        }
    }
  }'

Migrating from Gemini 2.5

Gemini 3 is our most capable model family to date and offers a stepwise improvement over Gemini 2.5 Pro. When migrating, consider the following:

• Thinking: If you were previously using complex prompt engineering (like Chain-of-thought) to force Gemini 2.5 to reason, try Gemini 3 with thinking_level: "high" and simplified prompts.
• Temperature settings: If your existing code explicitly sets temperature (especially to low values for deterministic outputs), we recommend removing this parameter and using the Gemini 3 default of 1.0 to avoid potential looping issues or performance degradation on complex tasks.
• PDF & document understanding: Default OCR resolution for PDFs has changed. If you relied on specific behavior for dense document parsing, test the new media_resolution_high setting to ensure continued accuracy.
• Token consumption: Migrating to Gemini 3 Pro defaults may increase token usage for PDFs but decrease token usage for video. If requests now exceed the context window due to higher default resolutions, we recommend explicitly reducing the media resolution.
• Image segmentation: Image segmentation capabilities (returning pixel-level masks for objects) are not supported in Gemini 3 Pro. For workloads requiring native image segmentation, we recommend continuing to utilize Gemini 2.5 Flash with thinking turned off or Gemini Robotics-ER 1.5.

OpenAI compatibility

For users utilizing the OpenAI compatibility layer, standard parameters are automatically mapped to Gemini equivalents:

• reasoning_effort (OAI) maps to thinking_level (Gemini). Note that reasoning_effort medium maps to thinking_level high.

Prompting best practices

Gemini 3 is a reasoning model, which changes how you should prompt.

• Precise instructions: Be concise in your input prompts. Gemini 3 responds best to direct, clear instructions. It may over-analyze verbose or overly complex prompt engineering techniques used for older models.
• Output verbosity: By default, Gemini 3 is less verbose and prefers providing direct, efficient answers. If your use case requires a more conversational or "chatty" persona, you must explicitly steer the model in the prompt (e.g., "Explain this as a friendly, talkative assistant").
• Context management: When working with large datasets (e.g., entire books, codebases, or long videos), place your specific instructions or questions at the end of the prompt, after the data context. Anchor the model's reasoning to the provided data by starting your question with a phrase like, "Based on the information above...".

Learn more about prompt design strategies in the prompt engineering guide.

FAQ

1. What is the knowledge cutoff for Gemini 3 Pro? Gemini 3 has a knowledge cutoff of January 2025. For more recent information, use the Search Grounding tool.

2. What are the context window limits? Gemini 3 Pro supports a 1 million token input context window and up to 64k tokens of output.

3. Is there a free tier for Gemini 3 Pro? You can try the model for free in Google AI Studio, but currently, there is no free tier available for gemini-3-pro-preview in the Gemini API.

4. Will my old thinking_budget code still work? Yes, thinking_budget is still supported for backward compatibility, but we recommend migrating to thinking_level for more predictable performance. Do not use both in the same request.

5. Does Gemini 3 support the Batch API? Yes, Gemini 3 supports the Batch API.

6. Is Context Caching supported? Yes, Context Caching is supported for Gemini 3. The minimum token count required to initiate caching is 2,048 tokens.

7. Which tools are supported in Gemini 3? Gemini 3 supports Google Search, File Search, Code Execution, and URL Context. It also supports standard Function Calling for your own custom tools. Please note that Google Maps and Computer Use are currently not supported.

Next steps

• Get started with the Gemini 3 Cookbook
• Check the dedicated Cookbook guide on thinking levels and how to migrate from thinking budget to thinking levels.