Document understanding

I modelli Gemini possono elaborare documenti in formato PDF utilizzando la visione nativa per comprendere i contesti dei documenti interi. Questa funzionalità va oltre la semplice estrazione del testo e consente a Gemini di:

  • Analizza e interpreta contenuti, inclusi testo, immagini, diagrammi, grafici e tabelle, anche in documenti lunghi fino a 1000 pagine.
  • Estrai le informazioni in formati di output strutturato.
  • Riassumi e rispondi alle domande in base agli elementi visivi e testuali di un documento.
  • Trascrivi i contenuti del documento (ad es. in HTML), conservando i layout e la formattazione, per l'utilizzo nelle applicazioni downstream.

Trasferimento dei dati PDF in linea

Puoi passare i dati PDF inline nella richiesta a generateContent. Questa opzione è ideale per documenti più piccoli o per l'elaborazione temporanea in cui non è necessario fare riferimento al file nelle richieste successive. Per i documenti più grandi a cui devi fare riferimento nelle interazioni multi-turn, ti consigliamo di utilizzare l'API Files per migliorare la latenza delle richieste e ridurre l'utilizzo della larghezza di banda.

L'esempio seguente mostra come recuperare un PDF da un URL e convertirlo in byte per l'elaborazione:

Python

from google import genai
from google.genai import types
import httpx

client = genai.Client()

doc_url = "https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10089234/1/343019_3_art_0_py4t4l_convrt.pdf"

# Retrieve and encode the PDF byte
doc_data = httpx.get(doc_url).content

prompt = "Summarize this document"
response = client.models.generate_content(
  model="gemini-2.5-flash",
  contents=[
      types.Part.from_bytes(
        data=doc_data,
        mime_type='application/pdf',
      ),
      prompt])
print(response.text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiKey: "GEMINI_API_KEY" });

async function main() {
    const pdfResp = await fetch('https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10089234/1/343019_3_art_0_py4t4l_convrt.pdf')
        .then((response) => response.arrayBuffer());

    const contents = [
        { text: "Summarize this document" },
        {
            inlineData: {
                mimeType: 'application/pdf',
                data: Buffer.from(pdfResp).toString("base64")
            }
        }
    ];

    const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
        model: "gemini-2.5-flash",
        contents: contents
    });
    console.log(response.text);
}

main();

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "google.golang.org/genai"
)

func main() {

    ctx := context.Background()
    client, _ := genai.NewClient(ctx, &genai.ClientConfig{
        APIKey:  os.Getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY"),
        Backend: genai.BackendGeminiAPI,
    })

    pdfResp, _ := http.Get("https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10089234/1/343019_3_art_0_py4t4l_convrt.pdf")
    var pdfBytes []byte
    if pdfResp != nil && pdfResp.Body != nil {
        pdfBytes, _ = io.ReadAll(pdfResp.Body)
        pdfResp.Body.Close()
    }

    parts := []*genai.Part{
        &genai.Part{
            InlineData: &genai.Blob{
                MIMEType: "application/pdf",
                Data:     pdfBytes,
            },
        },
        genai.NewPartFromText("Summarize this document"),
    }

    contents := []*genai.Content{
        genai.NewContentFromParts(parts, genai.RoleUser),
    }

    result, _ := client.Models.GenerateContent(
        ctx,
        "gemini-2.5-flash",
        contents,
        nil,
    )

    fmt.Println(result.Text())
}

REST

DOC_URL="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10089234/1/343019_3_art_0_py4t4l_convrt.pdf"
PROMPT="Summarize this document"
DISPLAY_NAME="base64_pdf"

# Download the PDF
wget -O "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf" "${DOC_URL}"

# Check for FreeBSD base64 and set flags accordingly
if [[ "$(base64 --version 2>&1)" = *"FreeBSD"* ]]; then
  B64FLAGS="--input"
else
  B64FLAGS="-w0"
fi

# Base64 encode the PDF
ENCODED_PDF=$(base64 $B64FLAGS "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf")

# Generate content using the base64 encoded PDF
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent?key=$GOOGLE_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "contents": [{
        "parts":[
          {"inline_data": {"mime_type": "application/pdf", "data": "'"$ENCODED_PDF"'"}},
          {"text": "'$PROMPT'"}
        ]
      }]
    }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".candidates[].content.parts[].text" response.json

# Clean up the downloaded PDF
rm "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf"

Puoi anche leggere un PDF da un file locale per l'elaborazione:

Python

from google import genai
from google.genai import types
import pathlib

client = genai.Client()

# Retrieve and encode the PDF byte
filepath = pathlib.Path('file.pdf')

prompt = "Summarize this document"
response = client.models.generate_content(
  model="gemini-2.5-flash",
  contents=[
      types.Part.from_bytes(
        data=filepath.read_bytes(),
        mime_type='application/pdf',
      ),
      prompt])
print(response.text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";
import * as fs from 'fs';

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiKey: "GEMINI_API_KEY" });

async function main() {
    const contents = [
        { text: "Summarize this document" },
        {
            inlineData: {
                mimeType: 'application/pdf',
                data: Buffer.from(fs.readFileSync("content/343019_3_art_0_py4t4l_convrt.pdf")).toString("base64")
            }
        }
    ];

    const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
        model: "gemini-2.5-flash",
        contents: contents
    });
    console.log(response.text);
}

main();

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "google.golang.org/genai"
)

func main() {

    ctx := context.Background()
    client, _ := genai.NewClient(ctx, &genai.ClientConfig{
        APIKey:  os.Getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY"),
        Backend: genai.BackendGeminiAPI,
    })

    pdfBytes, _ := os.ReadFile("path/to/your/file.pdf")

    parts := []*genai.Part{
        &genai.Part{
            InlineData: &genai.Blob{
                MIMEType: "application/pdf",
                Data:     pdfBytes,
            },
        },
        genai.NewPartFromText("Summarize this document"),
    }
    contents := []*genai.Content{
        genai.NewContentFromParts(parts, genai.RoleUser),
    }

    result, _ := client.Models.GenerateContent(
        ctx,
        "gemini-2.5-flash",
        contents,
        nil,
    )

    fmt.Println(result.Text())
}

Caricamento di PDF utilizzando l'API Files

Ti consigliamo di utilizzare l'API Files per i file di dimensioni maggiori o quando intendi riutilizzare un documento in più richieste. Ciò migliora la latenza delle richieste e riduce l'utilizzo della larghezza di banda separando il caricamento dei file dalle richieste del modello.

PDF di grandi dimensioni da URL

Utilizza l'API File per semplificare il caricamento e l'elaborazione di file PDF di grandi dimensioni dagli URL:

Python

from google import genai
from google.genai import types
import io
import httpx

client = genai.Client()

long_context_pdf_path = "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf"

# Retrieve and upload the PDF using the File API
doc_io = io.BytesIO(httpx.get(long_context_pdf_path).content)

sample_doc = client.files.upload(
  # You can pass a path or a file-like object here
  file=doc_io,
  config=dict(
    mime_type='application/pdf')
)

prompt = "Summarize this document"

response = client.models.generate_content(
  model="gemini-2.5-flash",
  contents=[sample_doc, prompt])
print(response.text)

JavaScript

import { createPartFromUri, GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiKey: "GEMINI_API_KEY" });

async function main() {

    const pdfBuffer = await fetch("https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf")
        .then((response) => response.arrayBuffer());

    const fileBlob = new Blob([pdfBuffer], { type: 'application/pdf' });

    const file = await ai.files.upload({
        file: fileBlob,
        config: {
            displayName: 'A17_FlightPlan.pdf',
        },
    });

    // Wait for the file to be processed.
    let getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
    while (getFile.state === 'PROCESSING') {
        getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
        console.log(`current file status: ${getFile.state}`);
        console.log('File is still processing, retrying in 5 seconds');

        await new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(resolve, 5000);
        });
    }
    if (file.state === 'FAILED') {
        throw new Error('File processing failed.');
    }

    // Add the file to the contents.
    const content = [
        'Summarize this document',
    ];

    if (file.uri && file.mimeType) {
        const fileContent = createPartFromUri(file.uri, file.mimeType);
        content.push(fileContent);
    }

    const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
        model: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
        contents: content,
    });

    console.log(response.text);

}

main();

Go

package main

import (
  "context"
  "fmt"
  "io"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "google.golang.org/genai"
)

func main() {

  ctx := context.Background()
  client, _ := genai.NewClient(ctx, &genai.ClientConfig{
    APIKey:  os.Getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY"),
    Backend: genai.BackendGeminiAPI,
  })

  pdfURL := "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf"
  localPdfPath := "A17_FlightPlan_downloaded.pdf"

  respHttp, _ := http.Get(pdfURL)
  defer respHttp.Body.Close()

  outFile, _ := os.Create(localPdfPath)
  defer outFile.Close()

  _, _ = io.Copy(outFile, respHttp.Body)

  uploadConfig := &genai.UploadFileConfig{MIMEType: "application/pdf"}
  uploadedFile, _ := client.Files.UploadFromPath(ctx, localPdfPath, uploadConfig)

  promptParts := []*genai.Part{
    genai.NewPartFromURI(uploadedFile.URI, uploadedFile.MIMEType),
    genai.NewPartFromText("Summarize this document"),
  }
  contents := []*genai.Content{
    genai.NewContentFromParts(promptParts, genai.RoleUser), // Specify role
  }

    result, _ := client.Models.GenerateContent(
        ctx,
        "gemini-2.5-flash",
        contents,
        nil,
    )

  fmt.Println(result.Text())
}

REST

PDF_PATH="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf"
DISPLAY_NAME="A17_FlightPlan"
PROMPT="Summarize this document"

# Download the PDF from the provided URL
wget -O "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf" "${PDF_PATH}"

MIME_TYPE=$(file -b --mime-type "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf")
NUM_BYTES=$(wc -c < "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf")

echo "MIME_TYPE: ${MIME_TYPE}"
echo "NUM_BYTES: ${NUM_BYTES}"

tmp_header_file=upload-header.tmp

# Initial resumable request defining metadata.
# The upload url is in the response headers dump them to a file.
curl "${BASE_URL}/upload/v1beta/files?key=${GOOGLE_API_KEY}" \
  -D upload-header.tmp \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Protocol: resumable" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: start" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Type: ${MIME_TYPE}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "{'file': {'display_name': '${DISPLAY_NAME}'}}" 2> /dev/null

upload_url=$(grep -i "x-goog-upload-url: " "${tmp_header_file}" | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d "\r")
rm "${tmp_header_file}"

# Upload the actual bytes.
curl "${upload_url}" \
  -H "Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Offset: 0" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: upload, finalize" \
  --data-binary "@${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf" 2> /dev/null > file_info.json

file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" file_info.json)
echo "file_uri: ${file_uri}"

# Now generate content using that file
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent?key=$GOOGLE_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "contents": [{
        "parts":[
          {"text": "'$PROMPT'"},
          {"file_data":{"mime_type": "application/pdf", "file_uri": '$file_uri'}}]
        }]
      }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".candidates[].content.parts[].text" response.json

# Clean up the downloaded PDF
rm "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf"

PDF di grandi dimensioni archiviati localmente

Python

from google import genai
from google.genai import types
import pathlib
import httpx

client = genai.Client()

# Retrieve and encode the PDF byte
file_path = pathlib.Path('large_file.pdf')

# Upload the PDF using the File API
sample_file = client.files.upload(
  file=file_path,
)

prompt="Summarize this document"

response = client.models.generate_content(
  model="gemini-2.5-flash",
  contents=[sample_file, "Summarize this document"])
print(response.text)

JavaScript

import { createPartFromUri, GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiKey: "GEMINI_API_KEY" });

async function main() {
    const file = await ai.files.upload({
        file: 'path-to-localfile.pdf'
        config: {
            displayName: 'A17_FlightPlan.pdf',
        },
    });

    // Wait for the file to be processed.
    let getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
    while (getFile.state === 'PROCESSING') {
        getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
        console.log(`current file status: ${getFile.state}`);
        console.log('File is still processing, retrying in 5 seconds');

        await new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(resolve, 5000);
        });
    }
    if (file.state === 'FAILED') {
        throw new Error('File processing failed.');
    }

    // Add the file to the contents.
    const content = [
        'Summarize this document',
    ];

    if (file.uri && file.mimeType) {
        const fileContent = createPartFromUri(file.uri, file.mimeType);
        content.push(fileContent);
    }

    const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
        model: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
        contents: content,
    });

    console.log(response.text);

}

main();

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "google.golang.org/genai"
)

func main() {

    ctx := context.Background()
    client, _ := genai.NewClient(ctx, &genai.ClientConfig{
        APIKey:  os.Getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY"),
        Backend: genai.BackendGeminiAPI,
    })
    localPdfPath := "/path/to/file.pdf"

    uploadConfig := &genai.UploadFileConfig{MIMEType: "application/pdf"}
    uploadedFile, _ := client.Files.UploadFromPath(ctx, localPdfPath, uploadConfig)

    promptParts := []*genai.Part{
        genai.NewPartFromURI(uploadedFile.URI, uploadedFile.MIMEType),
        genai.NewPartFromText("Give me a summary of this pdf file."),
    }
    contents := []*genai.Content{
        genai.NewContentFromParts(promptParts, genai.RoleUser),
    }

    result, _ := client.Models.GenerateContent(
        ctx,
        "gemini-2.5-flash",
        contents,
        nil,
    )

    fmt.Println(result.Text())
}

REST

NUM_BYTES=$(wc -c < "${PDF_PATH}")
DISPLAY_NAME=TEXT
tmp_header_file=upload-header.tmp

# Initial resumable request defining metadata.
# The upload url is in the response headers dump them to a file.
curl "${BASE_URL}/upload/v1beta/files?key=${GEMINI_API_KEY}" \
  -D upload-header.tmp \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Protocol: resumable" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: start" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Type: application/pdf" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "{'file': {'display_name': '${DISPLAY_NAME}'}}" 2> /dev/null

upload_url=$(grep -i "x-goog-upload-url: " "${tmp_header_file}" | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d "\r")
rm "${tmp_header_file}"

# Upload the actual bytes.
curl "${upload_url}" \
  -H "Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Offset: 0" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: upload, finalize" \
  --data-binary "@${PDF_PATH}" 2> /dev/null > file_info.json

file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" file_info.json)
echo file_uri=$file_uri

# Now generate content using that file
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent?key=$GOOGLE_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "contents": [{
        "parts":[
          {"text": "Can you add a few more lines to this poem?"},
          {"file_data":{"mime_type": "application/pdf", "file_uri": '$file_uri'}}]
        }]
      }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".candidates[].content.parts[].text" response.json

Puoi verificare che l'API abbia memorizzato correttamente il file caricato e recuperare i relativi metadati chiamando files.get. Solo name (e, per estensione, uri) sono univoci.

Python

from google import genai
import pathlib

client = genai.Client()

fpath = pathlib.Path('example.txt')
fpath.write_text('hello')

file = client.files.upload(file='example.txt')

file_info = client.files.get(name=file.name)
print(file_info.model_dump_json(indent=4))

REST

name=$(jq ".file.name" file_info.json)
# Get the file of interest to check state
curl https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/files/$name > file_info.json
# Print some information about the file you got
name=$(jq ".file.name" file_info.json)
echo name=$name
file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" file_info.json)
echo file_uri=$file_uri

Invio di più PDF

L'API Gemini è in grado di elaborare più documenti PDF (fino a 1000 pagine) in un'unica richiesta, a condizione che le dimensioni combinate dei documenti e del prompt di testo rimangano entro la finestra contestuale del modello.

Python

from google import genai
import io
import httpx

client = genai.Client()

doc_url_1 = "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805"
doc_url_2 = "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530"

# Retrieve and upload both PDFs using the File API
doc_data_1 = io.BytesIO(httpx.get(doc_url_1).content)
doc_data_2 = io.BytesIO(httpx.get(doc_url_2).content)

sample_pdf_1 = client.files.upload(
  file=doc_data_1,
  config=dict(mime_type='application/pdf')
)
sample_pdf_2 = client.files.upload(
  file=doc_data_2,
  config=dict(mime_type='application/pdf')
)

prompt = "What is the difference between each of the main benchmarks between these two papers? Output these in a table."

response = client.models.generate_content(
  model="gemini-2.5-flash",
  contents=[sample_pdf_1, sample_pdf_2, prompt])
print(response.text)

JavaScript

import { createPartFromUri, GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({ apiKey: "GEMINI_API_KEY" });

async function uploadRemotePDF(url, displayName) {
    const pdfBuffer = await fetch(url)
        .then((response) => response.arrayBuffer());

    const fileBlob = new Blob([pdfBuffer], { type: 'application/pdf' });

    const file = await ai.files.upload({
        file: fileBlob,
        config: {
            displayName: displayName,
        },
    });

    // Wait for the file to be processed.
    let getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
    while (getFile.state === 'PROCESSING') {
        getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
        console.log(`current file status: ${getFile.state}`);
        console.log('File is still processing, retrying in 5 seconds');

        await new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(resolve, 5000);
        });
    }
    if (file.state === 'FAILED') {
        throw new Error('File processing failed.');
    }

    return file;
}

async function main() {
    const content = [
        'What is the difference between each of the main benchmarks between these two papers? Output these in a table.',
    ];

    let file1 = await uploadRemotePDF("https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805", "PDF 1")
    if (file1.uri && file1.mimeType) {
        const fileContent = createPartFromUri(file1.uri, file1.mimeType);
        content.push(fileContent);
    }
    let file2 = await uploadRemotePDF("https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530", "PDF 2")
    if (file2.uri && file2.mimeType) {
        const fileContent = createPartFromUri(file2.uri, file2.mimeType);
        content.push(fileContent);
    }

    const response = await ai.models.generateContent({
        model: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
        contents: content,
    });

    console.log(response.text);
}

main();

Go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "io"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "google.golang.org/genai"
)

func main() {

    ctx := context.Background()
    client, _ := genai.NewClient(ctx, &genai.ClientConfig{
        APIKey:  os.Getenv("GEMINI_API_KEY"),
        Backend: genai.BackendGeminiAPI,
    })

    docUrl1 := "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805"
    docUrl2 := "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530"
    localPath1 := "doc1_downloaded.pdf"
    localPath2 := "doc2_downloaded.pdf"

    respHttp1, _ := http.Get(docUrl1)
    defer respHttp1.Body.Close()

    outFile1, _ := os.Create(localPath1)
    _, _ = io.Copy(outFile1, respHttp1.Body)
    outFile1.Close()

    respHttp2, _ := http.Get(docUrl2)
    defer respHttp2.Body.Close()

    outFile2, _ := os.Create(localPath2)
    _, _ = io.Copy(outFile2, respHttp2.Body)
    outFile2.Close()

    uploadConfig1 := &genai.UploadFileConfig{MIMEType: "application/pdf"}
    uploadedFile1, _ := client.Files.UploadFromPath(ctx, localPath1, uploadConfig1)

    uploadConfig2 := &genai.UploadFileConfig{MIMEType: "application/pdf"}
    uploadedFile2, _ := client.Files.UploadFromPath(ctx, localPath2, uploadConfig2)

    promptParts := []*genai.Part{
        genai.NewPartFromURI(uploadedFile1.URI, uploadedFile1.MIMEType),
        genai.NewPartFromURI(uploadedFile2.URI, uploadedFile2.MIMEType),
        genai.NewPartFromText("What is the difference between each of the " +
                              "main benchmarks between these two papers? " +
                              "Output these in a table."),
    }
    contents := []*genai.Content{
        genai.NewContentFromParts(promptParts, genai.RoleUser),
    }

    modelName := "gemini-2.5-flash"
    result, _ := client.Models.GenerateContent(
        ctx,
        modelName,
        contents,
        nil,
    )

    fmt.Println(result.Text())
}

REST

DOC_URL_1="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805"
DOC_URL_2="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530"
DISPLAY_NAME_1="Gemini_paper"
DISPLAY_NAME_2="Gemini_1.5_paper"
PROMPT="What is the difference between each of the main benchmarks between these two papers? Output these in a table."

# Function to download and upload a PDF
upload_pdf() {
  local doc_url="$1"
  local display_name="$2"

  # Download the PDF
  wget -O "${display_name}.pdf" "${doc_url}"

  local MIME_TYPE=$(file -b --mime-type "${display_name}.pdf")
  local NUM_BYTES=$(wc -c < "${display_name}.pdf")

  echo "MIME_TYPE: ${MIME_TYPE}"
  echo "NUM_BYTES: ${NUM_BYTES}"

  local tmp_header_file=upload-header.tmp

  # Initial resumable request
  curl "${BASE_URL}/upload/v1beta/files?key=${GOOGLE_API_KEY}" \
    -D "${tmp_header_file}" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Protocol: resumable" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: start" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Type: ${MIME_TYPE}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d "{'file': {'display_name': '${display_name}'}}" 2> /dev/null

  local upload_url=$(grep -i "x-goog-upload-url: " "${tmp_header_file}" | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d "\r")
  rm "${tmp_header_file}"

  # Upload the PDF
  curl "${upload_url}" \
    -H "Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Offset: 0" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: upload, finalize" \
    --data-binary "@${display_name}.pdf" 2> /dev/null > "file_info_${display_name}.json"

  local file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" "file_info_${display_name}.json")
  echo "file_uri for ${display_name}: ${file_uri}"

  # Clean up the downloaded PDF
  rm "${display_name}.pdf"

  echo "${file_uri}"
}

# Upload the first PDF
file_uri_1=$(upload_pdf "${DOC_URL_1}" "${DISPLAY_NAME_1}")

# Upload the second PDF
file_uri_2=$(upload_pdf "${DOC_URL_2}" "${DISPLAY_NAME_2}")

# Now generate content using both files
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/models/gemini-2.5-flash:generateContent?key=$GOOGLE_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "contents": [{
        "parts":[
          {"file_data": {"mime_type": "application/pdf", "file_uri": '$file_uri_1'}},
          {"file_data": {"mime_type": "application/pdf", "file_uri": '$file_uri_2'}},
          {"text": "'$PROMPT'"}
        ]
      }]
    }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".candidates[].content.parts[].text" response.json

Dettagli tecnici

Gemini supporta un massimo di 1000 pagine di documenti. Ogni pagina del documento equivale a 258 token.

Sebbene non esistano limiti specifici al numero di pixel in un documento, oltre alla finestra contestuale del modello, le pagine più grandi vengono ridimensionate a una risoluzione massima di 3072 x 3072 mantenendo le proporzioni originali, mentre le pagine più piccole vengono ridimensionate a 768 x 768 pixel. Non è prevista alcuna riduzione dei costi per le pagine di dimensioni inferiori, ad eccezione della larghezza di banda, né un miglioramento delle prestazioni per le pagine a risoluzione più elevata.

Modelli Gemini 3

Gemini 3 introduce un controllo granulare sull'elaborazione della visione multimodale con il parametro media_resolution. Ora puoi impostare la risoluzione su bassa, media o alta per ogni parte multimediale. Con questa aggiunta, l'elaborazione dei documenti PDF è stata aggiornata:

  1. Inclusione del testo nativo:il testo incorporato in modo nativo nel PDF viene estratto e fornito al modello.
  2. Fatturazione e segnalazione dei token:
    • Non ti vengono addebitati costi per i token provenienti dal testo nativo estratto dai PDF.
    • Nella sezione usage_metadata della risposta dell'API, i token generati dall'elaborazione delle pagine PDF (come immagini) vengono ora conteggiati nella modalità IMAGE, non in una modalità DOCUMENT separata come in alcune versioni precedenti.

Per ulteriori dettagli sul parametro di risoluzione dei contenuti multimediali, consulta la guida Risoluzione dei contenuti multimediali.

Tipi di documenti

Tecnicamente, puoi trasmettere altri tipi MIME per la comprensione dei documenti, ad esempio TXT, Markdown, HTML, XML e così via. Tuttavia, la visione dei documenti comprende in modo significativo solo i PDF. Gli altri tipi verranno estratti come testo normale e il modello non sarà in grado di interpretare ciò che vediamo nel rendering di questi file. Verranno persi tutti i dettagli specifici del tipo di file, come grafici, diagrammi, tag HTML, formattazione Markdown e così via.

Best practice

Per ottenere risultati ottimali:

  • Ruota le pagine nell'orientamento corretto prima del caricamento.
  • Evita pagine sfocate.
  • Se utilizzi una sola pagina, inserisci il prompt di testo dopo la pagina.

Passaggi successivi

Per saperne di più, consulta le seguenti risorse:

  • Strategie di richiesta di file: l'API Gemini supporta le richieste con dati di testo, immagine, audio e video, note anche come richieste multimodali.
  • Istruzioni di sistema: le istruzioni di sistema ti consentono di orientare il comportamento del modello in base alle tue esigenze e ai tuoi casi d'uso specifici.