Hugging Face Transformers 및 QloRA를 사용하여 Gemma 미세 조정

# Install Pytorch & other libraries
%pip install "torch>=2.4.0" tensorboard

# Install Gemma release branch from Hugging Face
%pip install "transformers>=4.51.3"

# Install Hugging Face libraries
%pip install  --upgrade \
  "datasets==3.3.2" \
  "accelerate==1.4.0" \
  "evaluate==0.4.3" \
  "bitsandbytes==0.45.3" \
  "trl==0.21.0" \
  "peft==0.14.0" \
  protobuf \
  sentencepiece

# COMMENT IN: if you are running on a GPU that supports BF16 data type and flash attn, such as NVIDIA L4 or NVIDIA A100
#% pip install flash-attn

from google.colab import userdata
from huggingface_hub import login

# Login into Hugging Face Hub
hf_token = userdata.get('HF_TOKEN') # If you are running inside a Google Colab
login(hf_token)

{"messages": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are..."}, {"role": "user", "content": "..."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}]}
{"messages": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are..."}, {"role": "user", "content": "..."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}]}
{"messages": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are..."}, {"role": "user", "content": "..."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}]}

from datasets import load_dataset

# System message for the assistant
system_message = """You are a text to SQL query translator. Users will ask you questions in English and you will generate a SQL query based on the provided SCHEMA."""

# User prompt that combines the user query and the schema
user_prompt = """Given the <USER_QUERY> and the <SCHEMA>, generate the corresponding SQL command to retrieve the desired data, considering the query's syntax, semantics, and schema constraints.

<SCHEMA>
{context}
</SCHEMA>

<USER_QUERY>
{question}
</USER_QUERY>
"""
def create_conversation(sample):
  return {
    "messages": [
      # {"role": "system", "content": system_message},
      {"role": "user", "content": user_prompt.format(question=sample["sql_prompt"], context=sample["sql_context"])},
      {"role": "assistant", "content": sample["sql"]}
    ]
  }

# Load dataset from the hub
dataset = load_dataset("philschmid/gretel-synthetic-text-to-sql", split="train")
dataset = dataset.shuffle().select(range(12500))

# Convert dataset to OAI messages
dataset = dataset.map(create_conversation, remove_columns=dataset.features,batched=False)
# split dataset into 10,000 training samples and 2,500 test samples
dataset = dataset.train_test_split(test_size=2500/12500)

# Print formatted user prompt
print(dataset["train"][345]["messages"][1]["content"])

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoModelForImageTextToText, BitsAndBytesConfig

# Hugging Face model id
model_id = "google/gemma-3-1b-pt" # or `google/gemma-3-4b-pt`, `google/gemma-3-12b-pt`, `google/gemma-3-27b-pt`

# Select model class based on id
if model_id == "google/gemma-3-1b-pt":
    model_class = AutoModelForCausalLM
else:
    model_class = AutoModelForImageTextToText

# Check if GPU benefits from bfloat16
if torch.cuda.get_device_capability()[0] >= 8:
    torch_dtype = torch.bfloat16
else:
    torch_dtype = torch.float16

# Define model init arguments
model_kwargs = dict(
    attn_implementation="eager", # Use "flash_attention_2" when running on Ampere or newer GPU
    torch_dtype=torch_dtype, # What torch dtype to use, defaults to auto
    device_map="auto", # Let torch decide how to load the model
)

# BitsAndBytesConfig: Enables 4-bit quantization to reduce model size/memory usage
model_kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig(
    load_in_4bit=True,
    bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
    bnb_4bit_quant_type='nf4',
    bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=model_kwargs['torch_dtype'],
    bnb_4bit_quant_storage=model_kwargs['torch_dtype'],
)

# Load model and tokenizer
model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_id, **model_kwargs)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-3-1b-it") # Load the Instruction Tokenizer to use the official Gemma template

from peft import LoraConfig

peft_config = LoraConfig(
    lora_alpha=16,
    lora_dropout=0.05,
    r=16,
    bias="none",
    target_modules="all-linear",
    task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
    modules_to_save=["lm_head", "embed_tokens"] # make sure to save the lm_head and embed_tokens as you train the special tokens
)

from trl import SFTConfig

args = SFTConfig(
    output_dir="gemma-text-to-sql",         # directory to save and repository id
    max_length=512,                         # max sequence length for model and packing of the dataset
    packing=True,                           # Groups multiple samples in the dataset into a single sequence
    num_train_epochs=3,                     # number of training epochs
    per_device_train_batch_size=1,          # batch size per device during training
    gradient_accumulation_steps=4,          # number of steps before performing a backward/update pass
    gradient_checkpointing=True,            # use gradient checkpointing to save memory
    optim="adamw_torch_fused",              # use fused adamw optimizer
    logging_steps=10,                       # log every 10 steps
    save_strategy="epoch",                  # save checkpoint every epoch
    learning_rate=2e-4,                     # learning rate, based on QLoRA paper
    fp16=True if torch_dtype == torch.float16 else False,   # use float16 precision
    bf16=True if torch_dtype == torch.bfloat16 else False,   # use bfloat16 precision
    max_grad_norm=0.3,                      # max gradient norm based on QLoRA paper
    warmup_ratio=0.03,                      # warmup ratio based on QLoRA paper
    lr_scheduler_type="constant",           # use constant learning rate scheduler
    push_to_hub=True,                       # push model to hub
    report_to="tensorboard",                # report metrics to tensorboard
    dataset_kwargs={
        "add_special_tokens": False, # We template with special tokens
        "append_concat_token": True, # Add EOS token as separator token between examples
    }
)

from trl import SFTTrainer

# Create Trainer object
trainer = SFTTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=args,
    train_dataset=dataset["train"],
    peft_config=peft_config,
    processing_class=tokenizer
)

# Start training, the model will be automatically saved to the Hub and the output directory
trainer.train()

# Save the final model again to the Hugging Face Hub
trainer.save_model()

# free the memory again
del model
del trainer
torch.cuda.empty_cache()

from peft import PeftModel

# Load Model base model
model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_id, low_cpu_mem_usage=True)

# Merge LoRA and base model and save
peft_model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, args.output_dir)
merged_model = peft_model.merge_and_unload()
merged_model.save_pretrained("merged_model", safe_serialization=True, max_shard_size="2GB")

processor = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.output_dir)
processor.save_pretrained("merged_model")

import torch
from transformers import pipeline

model_id = "gemma-text-to-sql"

# Load Model with PEFT adapter
model = model_class.from_pretrained(
  model_id,
  device_map="auto",
  torch_dtype=torch_dtype,
  attn_implementation="eager",
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)

from random import randint
import re

# Load the model and tokenizer into the pipeline
pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)

# Load a random sample from the test dataset
rand_idx = randint(0, len(dataset["test"])-1)
test_sample = dataset["test"][rand_idx]

# Convert as test example into a prompt with the Gemma template
stop_token_ids = [tokenizer.eos_token_id, tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<end_of_turn>")]
prompt = pipe.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(test_sample["messages"][:2], tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)

# Generate our SQL query.
outputs = pipe(prompt, max_new_tokens=256, do_sample=False, temperature=0.1, top_k=50, top_p=0.1, eos_token_id=stop_token_ids, disable_compile=True)

# Extract the user query and original answer
print(f"Context:\n", re.search(r'<SCHEMA>\n(.*?)\n</SCHEMA>', test_sample['messages'][0]['content'], re.DOTALL).group(1).strip())
print(f"Query:\n", re.search(r'<USER_QUERY>\n(.*?)\n</USER_QUERY>', test_sample['messages'][0]['content'], re.DOTALL).group(1).strip())
print(f"Original Answer:\n{test_sample['messages'][1]['content']}")
print(f"Generated Answer:\n{outputs[0]['generated_text'][len(prompt):].strip()}")