Hugging Face Transformers 및 QloRA를 사용하여 Gemma 미세 조정

# Install Pytorch & other libraries
%pip install torch tensorboard

# Install Transformers
%pip install transformers

# Install Hugging Face libraries
%pip install datasets accelerate evaluate bitsandbytes trl peft protobuf sentencepiece

# COMMENT IN: if you are running on a GPU that supports BF16 data type and flash attn, such as NVIDIA L4 or NVIDIA A100
#%pip install flash-attn

# Login into Hugging Face Hub
from huggingface_hub import login
login()

{"messages": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are..."}, {"role": "user", "content": "..."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}]}
{"messages": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are..."}, {"role": "user", "content": "..."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}]}
{"messages": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are..."}, {"role": "user", "content": "..."}, {"role": "assistant", "content": "..."}]}

from datasets import load_dataset

# System message for the assistant
system_message = """You are a text to SQL query translator. Users will ask you questions in English and you will generate a SQL query based on the provided SCHEMA."""

# User prompt that combines the user query and the schema
user_prompt = """Given the <USER_QUERY> and the <SCHEMA>, generate the corresponding SQL command to retrieve the desired data, considering the query's syntax, semantics, and schema constraints.

<SCHEMA>
{context}
</SCHEMA>

<USER_QUERY>
{question}
</USER_QUERY>
"""
def create_conversation(sample):
  return {
    "messages": [
      {"role": "system", "content": system_message},
      {"role": "user", "content": user_prompt.format(question=sample["sql_prompt"], context=sample["sql_context"])},
      {"role": "assistant", "content": sample["sql"]}
    ]
  }

# Load dataset from the hub
dataset = load_dataset("philschmid/gretel-synthetic-text-to-sql", split="train")
dataset = dataset.shuffle().select(range(12500))

# Convert dataset to OAI messages
dataset = dataset.map(create_conversation, remove_columns=dataset.features,batched=False)
# split dataset into 80% training samples and 20% test samples
dataset = dataset.train_test_split(test_size=0.2)

# Print formatted user prompt
for item in dataset["train"][0]["messages"]:
  print(item)

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{'content': 'You are a text to SQL query translator. Users will ask you questions in English and you will generate a SQL query based on the provided SCHEMA.', 'role': 'system'}
{'content': "Given the <USER_QUERY> and the <SCHEMA>, generate the corresponding SQL command to retrieve the desired data, considering the query's syntax, semantics, and schema constraints.\n\n<SCHEMA>\nCREATE TABLE Menu (id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), category VARCHAR(255), price DECIMAL(5,2));\n</SCHEMA>\n\n<USER_QUERY>\nCalculate the average price of all menu items in the Vegan category\n</USER_QUERY>\n", 'role': 'user'}
{'content': "SELECT AVG(price) FROM Menu WHERE category = 'Vegan';", 'role': 'assistant'}

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForImageTextToText, BitsAndBytesConfig

# Hugging Face model id
model_id = "google/gemma-4-E2B" # @param ["google/gemma-4-E2B","google/gemma-4-E4B"] {"allow-input":true}

# Check if GPU benefits from bfloat16
if torch.cuda.get_device_capability()[0] >= 8:
    torch_dtype = torch.bfloat16
else:
    torch_dtype = torch.float16

# Define model init arguments
model_kwargs = dict(
    dtype=torch_dtype,
    device_map="auto", # Let torch decide how to load the model
)

# BitsAndBytesConfig: Enables 4-bit quantization to reduce model size/memory usage
model_kwargs["quantization_config"] = BitsAndBytesConfig(
    load_in_4bit=True,
    bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
    bnb_4bit_quant_type='nf4',
    bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=model_kwargs['dtype'],
    bnb_4bit_quant_storage=model_kwargs['dtype'],
)

# Load model and tokenizer
model = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(model_id, **model_kwargs)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/gemma-4-E2B-it") # Load the Instruction Tokenizer to use the official Gemma template

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from peft import LoraConfig

peft_config = LoraConfig(
    lora_alpha=16,
    lora_dropout=0.05,
    r=16,
    bias="none",
    target_modules="all-linear",
    task_type="CAUSAL_LM",
    modules_to_save=["lm_head", "embed_tokens"], # make sure to save the lm_head and embed_tokens as you train the special tokens
    ensure_weight_tying=True,
)

import torch
from trl import SFTConfig

args = SFTConfig(
    output_dir="gemma-text-to-sql",         # directory to save and repository id
    max_length=512,                         # max length for model and packing of the dataset
    num_train_epochs=3,                     # number of training epochs
    per_device_train_batch_size=1,          # batch size per device during training
    optim="adamw_torch_fused",              # use fused adamw optimizer
    logging_steps=10,                       # log every 10 steps
    save_strategy="epoch",                  # save checkpoint every epoch
    eval_strategy="epoch",                  # evaluate checkpoint every epoch
    learning_rate=5e-5,                     # learning rate
    fp16=True if model.dtype == torch.float16 else False,   # use float16 precision
    bf16=True if model.dtype == torch.bfloat16 else False,   # use bfloat16 precision
    max_grad_norm=0.3,                      # max gradient norm based on QLoRA paper
    lr_scheduler_type="constant",           # use constant learning rate scheduler
    push_to_hub=True,                           # push model to hub
    report_to="tensorboard",                # report metrics to tensorboard
    dataset_kwargs={
        "add_special_tokens": False, # Template with special tokens
        "append_concat_token": True, # Add EOS token as separator token between examples
    }
)

from trl import SFTTrainer

# Create Trainer object
trainer = SFTTrainer(
    model=model,
    args=args,
    train_dataset=dataset["train"],
    eval_dataset=dataset["test"],
    peft_config=peft_config,
    processing_class=tokenizer,
)

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# Start training, the model will be automatically saved to the Hub and the output directory
trainer.train()

# Save the final model again to the Hugging Face Hub
trainer.save_model()

The tokenizer has new PAD/BOS/EOS tokens that differ from the model config and generation config. The model config and generation config were aligned accordingly, being updated with the tokenizer's values. Updated tokens: {'eos_token_id': 1, 'bos_token_id': 2, 'pad_token_id': 0}.

# free the memory again
del model
del trainer
torch.cuda.empty_cache()

from peft import PeftModel

# Load Model base model
model = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(model_id, low_cpu_mem_usage=True)

# Merge LoRA and base model and save
peft_model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, args.output_dir)
merged_model = peft_model.merge_and_unload()
merged_model.save_pretrained("merged_model", safe_serialization=True, max_shard_size="2GB")

processor = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(args.output_dir)
processor.save_pretrained("merged_model")

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('merged_model/tokenizer_config.json',
 'merged_model/chat_template.jinja',
 'merged_model/tokenizer.json')

import torch
from transformers import pipeline

model_id = "merged_model"

# Load Model with PEFT adapter
model = AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(
  model_id,
  device_map="auto",
  dtype="auto",
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)

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The tied weights mapping and config for this model specifies to tie model.language_model.embed_tokens.weight to lm_head.weight, but both are present in the checkpoints with different values, so we will NOT tie them. You should update the config with `tie_word_embeddings=False` to silence this warning.

from random import randint
import re
from transformers import pipeline, GenerationConfig

config = GenerationConfig.from_pretrained(model_id)
config.max_new_tokens = 256

# Load the model and tokenizer into the pipeline
pipe = pipeline("text-generation", model=model, tokenizer=tokenizer)

# Load a random sample from the test dataset
rand_idx = randint(0, len(dataset["test"]))
test_sample = dataset["test"][rand_idx]

# Convert as test example into a prompt with the Gemma template
prompt = pipe.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(test_sample["messages"][:2], tokenize=False, add_generation_prompt=True)
print(prompt)

# Generate our SQL query.
outputs = pipe(prompt, generation_config=config)

# Extract the user query and original answer
print(f"Context:\n", re.search(r'<SCHEMA>\n(.*?)\n</SCHEMA>', test_sample['messages'][1]['content'], re.DOTALL).group(1).strip())
print(f"Query:\n", re.search(r'<USER_QUERY>\n(.*?)\n</USER_QUERY>', test_sample['messages'][1]['content'], re.DOTALL).group(1).strip())
print(f"Original Answer:\n{test_sample['messages'][2]['content']}")
print(f"Generated Answer:\n{outputs[0]['generated_text'][len(prompt):].strip()}")

<bos><|turn>system
You are a text to SQL query translator. Users will ask you questions in English and you will generate a SQL query based on the provided SCHEMA.<turn|>
<|turn>user
Given the <USER_QUERY> and the <SCHEMA>, generate the corresponding SQL command to retrieve the desired data, considering the query's syntax, semantics, and schema constraints.

<SCHEMA>
CREATE TABLE broadband_plans (plan_id INT, plan_name VARCHAR(255), download_speed INT, upload_speed INT, price DECIMAL(5,2));
</SCHEMA>

<USER_QUERY>
Delete a broadband plan from the 'broadband_plans' table
</USER_QUERY><turn|>
<|turn>model

Context:
 CREATE TABLE broadband_plans (plan_id INT, plan_name VARCHAR(255), download_speed INT, upload_speed INT, price DECIMAL(5,2));
Query:
 Delete a broadband plan from the 'broadband_plans' table
Original Answer:
DELETE FROM broadband_plans WHERE plan_id = 3001;
Generated Answer:
DELETE FROM broadband_plans
WHERE plan_name = 'Basic';