任务编排

Gemini Robotics ER 模型可以规划任务并推理空间,从而推断出要采取哪些行动以及要移动哪些对象才能完成目标。本页 展示了一个示例,该示例通过自定义机器人 API 来驱动拾放 操作,以编排将物品放入碗中 的任务。此示例使用标准 Gemini ER 2 模型,如需查看流式传输 示例,请参阅 Gemini ER 2 流式传输指南

如需查看完整的可运行代码,请参阅 机器人技术 Cookbook

使用自定义机器人 API

此示例演示了如何使用自定义机器人 API 进行任务编排。它引入了一个专为拾放操作设计的模拟 API。任务是拿起一个蓝色方块,然后将其放入橙色碗中:

方块和碗的图片

此示例使用以下模拟机器人 API:

Python

def move(x, y, high):
  print(f"Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: {x}, {y}, {'high above table' if high else 'down at table level'}")

def setGripperState(opened):
  print(f"Mock Robot: {'Opening gripper' if opened else 'Closing gripper'}")

robot_origin_y = 300
robot_origin_x = 500

move_function = {
    "type": "function",
    "name": "move",
    "description": "Moves the arm to the given coordinates.",
    "parameters": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
            "x": {"type": "integer", "description": "X coordinate relative to the origin"},
            "y": {"type": "integer", "description": "Y coordinate relative to the origin"},
            "high": {"type": "boolean", "description": "Set to True to lift the robot arm above the scene for avoiding obstacles. Set to False to place the gripper on the surface."}
        },
        "required": ["x", "y", "high"]
    }
}

set_gripper_state_function = {
    "type": "function",
    "name": "setGripperState",
    "description": "Opens or closes the robot's gripper.",
    "parameters": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
            "opened": {"type": "boolean", "description": "True opens the gripper, False closes the gripper."}
        },
        "required": ["opened"]
    }
}

以下示例使用工具定义将提示和图片发送给模型。然后,它会运行智能体循环:在每次模型响应后,它都会执行任何请求的函数调用(movesetGripperState),使用 previous_interaction_id 将结果返回给模型,并重复此过程,直到模型停止调用函数或达到步数限制为止。

Python

prompt = (
    "You are a robotic arm with six degrees-of-freedom. "
    f"The origin point for calculating the moves is at normalized point y={robot_origin_y}, x={robot_origin_x}. "
    "Use this as the new (0,0) for calculating moves, allowing x and y to be negative.\n\n"
    "Find the blue block and the orange bowl. Calculate their coordinates relative to the origin.\n"
    "Perform a pick and place operation where you pick up the blue block and place it into the orange bowl. "
    "Call the appropriate sequence of functions to complete this operation."
)

# 1. Initial Interaction
interaction = client.interactions.create(
    model=MODEL_ID,
    input=[{"type": "user_input", "content": [
        {"type": "image", "data": img_b64, "mime_type": "image/png"},
        {"type": "text", "text": prompt}
    ]}],
    tools=[move_function, set_gripper_state_function],
    generation_config={"thinking_level": "low"}
)

print("\n--- Executing Orchestrated Plan ---")

max_steps = 15 # Safety limit to prevent infinite loops
step_count = 0

# 2. The Agentic Loop
while step_count < max_steps:
    step_count += 1

    # Check if the model wants to call any functions
    tool_calls = [step for step in interaction.steps if step.type == "function_call"]

    if not tool_calls:
        # If no tools were called, the model is finished with the sequence
        print("Sequence complete.")
        if interaction.output_text:
            print(f"Model Summary: {interaction.output_text}")
        break

    function_results = []

    for step in tool_calls:
        function_name = step.name
        arguments = step.arguments

        # Execute the mock function
        if function_name == "move":
            move(**arguments)
        elif function_name == "setGripperState":
            setGripperState(**arguments)
        else:
            print(f"Unknown function: {function_name}")

        # 3. Create a result object to tell the model the function succeeded
        function_results.append({
            "type": "function_result",
            "name": step.name,
            "call_id": step.id,
            "result": [{"type": "text", "text": '{"status": "success"}'}]
        })

    # 4. Send the results back to the model, passing previous_interaction_id
    # so it remembers the conversation history and generates the NEXT step
    interaction = client.interactions.create(
        model=MODEL_ID,
        previous_interaction_id=interaction.id,
        tools=[move_function, set_gripper_state_function],
        input=function_results
    )

以下内容展示了模型基于提示和模拟机器人 API 的可能输出。输出包括模型按顺序排列的机器人函数调用的输出。

--- Executing Orchestrated Plan ---
Mock Robot: Opening gripper
Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: 160, 440, high above table
Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: 160, 440, down at table level
Mock Robot: Closing gripper
Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: 160, 440, high above table
Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: -250, 60, high above table
Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: -250, 60, down at table level
Mock Robot: Opening gripper
Mock Robot: Moving to coordinates: -250, 60, high above table
Sequence complete.
Model Summary: I have completed the task of picking up the blue block and placing it into the orange bowl.

后续步骤