文件解讀

Gemini 模型可處理 PDF 格式的文件，並運用原生視覺功能瞭解整份文件的內容。這項功能不僅能擷取文字，還可讓 Gemini 執行下列動作：

  • 分析及解讀內容，包括文字、圖片、圖表、圖表和表格，即使是長達 1000 頁的文件也沒問題。
  • 以結構化輸出格式擷取資訊。
  • 根據文件中的圖像和文字元素，摘要內容並回答問題。
  • 轉錄文件內容 (例如轉錄為 HTML)，保留版面配置和格式，供下游應用程式使用。

您也可以傳送非 PDF 文件，但 Gemini 會將其視為一般文字，因此圖表或格式等脈絡資訊會消失。

內嵌傳遞 PDF 資料

您可以在要求中內嵌傳遞 PDF 資料。這種方法最適合用於小型文件或臨時處理，因為您不需要在後續要求中參照該檔案。如果需要參照大型文件進行多輪互動，建議使用 Files API，以縮短要求延遲時間並減少頻寬用量。

以下範例說明如何內嵌傳遞 PDF 資料：

Python

from google import genai
import base64

client = genai.Client()

with open('path/to/document.pdf', 'rb') as f:
    pdf_bytes = f.read()

interaction = client.interactions.create(
    model="gemini-3-flash-preview",
    input=[
        {
            "type": "document",
            "data": base64.b64encode(pdf_bytes).decode('utf-8'),
            "mime_type": "application/pdf"
        },
        {"type": "text", "text": "Summarize this document"}
    ]
)

print(interaction.steps[-1].content[0].text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";
import * as fs from "node:fs";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

async function main() {
    const pdfData = fs.readFileSync("path/to/document.pdf", {
        encoding: "base64"
    });

    const interaction = await ai.interactions.create({
        model: "gemini-3-flash-preview",
        input: [
            { type: "text", text: "Summarize this document" },
            {
                type: "document",
                data: pdfData,
                mimeType: "application/pdf"
            }
        ]
    });
    console.log(interaction.steps.at(-1).content[0].text);
}

main();

REST

PDF_PATH="path/to/document.pdf"

if [[ "$(base64 --version 2>&1)" = *"FreeBSD"* ]]; then
  B64FLAGS="--input"
else
  B64FLAGS="-w0"
fi

curl -X POST "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/interactions" \
  -H "x-goog-api-key: $GEMINI_API_KEY" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{
    "model": "gemini-3-flash-preview",
    "input": [
      {
        "type": "document",
        "data": "'$(base64 $B64FLAGS $PDF_PATH)'",
        "mimeType": "application/pdf"
      },
      {"type": "text", "text": "Summarize this document"}
    ]
  }'

您也可以上傳本機 PDF 檔案進行處理：

Python

from google import genai

client = genai.Client()

uploaded_file = client.files.upload(file="file.pdf")

interaction = client.interactions.create(
    model="gemini-3-flash-preview",
    input=[
        {"type": "document", "uri": uploaded_file.uri, "mime_type": uploaded_file.mime_type},
        {"type": "text", "text": "Summarize this document"}
    ]
)
print(interaction.steps[-1].content[0].text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

async function main() {
    const uploadedFile = await ai.files.upload({
        file: "file.pdf",
        config: { mimeType: "application/pdf" }
    });

    const interaction = await ai.interactions.create({
        model: "gemini-3-flash-preview",
        input: [
            { type: "text", text: "Summarize this document" },
            {
                type: "document",
                uri: uploadedFile.uri,
                mimeType: uploadedFile.mimeType
            }
        ]
    });
    console.log(interaction.steps.at(-1).content[0].text);
}

main();

使用 Files API 上傳 PDF

如果檔案較大，或是打算在多個要求中重複使用文件，建議使用 Files API。這項做法可將檔案上傳作業與模型要求分離，進而縮短要求延遲時間並減少頻寬用量。

透過網址上傳大型 PDF

使用 File API 簡化從網址上傳及處理大型 PDF 檔案的程序：

Python

from google import genai
import io
import httpx

client = genai.Client()

long_context_pdf_path = "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf"

# Retrieve and upload the PDF using the File API
doc_io = io.BytesIO(httpx.get(long_context_pdf_path).content)

sample_doc = client.files.upload(
  # You can pass a path or a file-like object here
  file=doc_io,
  config=dict(
    mime_type='application/pdf')
)

prompt = "Summarize this document"

interaction = client.interactions.create(
    model="gemini-3-flash-preview",
    input=[
        {"type": "document", "uri": sample_doc.uri, "mime_type": sample_doc.mime_type},
        {"type": "text", "text": prompt}
    ]
)
print(interaction.steps[-1].content[0].text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

async function main() {

    const pdfBuffer = await fetch("https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf")
        .then((response) => response.arrayBuffer());

    const fileBlob = new Blob([pdfBuffer], { type: 'application/pdf' });

    const file = await ai.files.upload({
        file: fileBlob,
        config: {
            displayName: 'A17_FlightPlan.pdf',
        },
    });

    // Wait for the file to be processed.
    let getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
    while (getFile.state === 'PROCESSING') {
        getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
        console.log(`current file status: ${getFile.state}`);
        console.log('File is still processing, retrying in 5 seconds');

        await new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(resolve, 5000);
        });
    }
    if (file.state === 'FAILED') {
        throw new Error('File processing failed.');
    }

    const interaction = await ai.interactions.create({
        model: 'gemini-3-flash-preview',
        input: [
            { type: "document", uri: file.uri, mimeType: file.mimeType },
            { type: "text", text: "Summarize this document" }
        ],
    });

    console.log(interaction.steps.at(-1).content[0].text);

}

main();

REST

PDF_PATH="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/static/history/alsj/a17/A17_FlightPlan.pdf"
DISPLAY_NAME="A17_FlightPlan"
PROMPT="Summarize this document"

# Download the PDF from the provided URL
wget -O "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf" "${PDF_PATH}"

MIME_TYPE=$(file -b --mime-type "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf")
NUM_BYTES=$(wc -c < "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf")

echo "MIME_TYPE: ${MIME_TYPE}"
echo "NUM_BYTES: ${NUM_BYTES}"

tmp_header_file=upload-header.tmp

# Initial resumable request defining metadata.
# The upload url is in the response headers dump them to a file.
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/upload/v1beta/files?key=${GOOGLE_API_KEY}" \
  -D upload-header.tmp \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Protocol: resumable" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: start" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Type: ${MIME_TYPE}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "{'file': {'display_name': '${DISPLAY_NAME}'}}" 2> /dev/null

upload_url=$(grep -i "x-goog-upload-url: " "${tmp_header_file}" | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d "\r")
rm "${tmp_header_file}"

# Upload the actual bytes.
curl "${upload_url}" \
  -H "Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Offset: 0" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: upload, finalize" \
  --data-binary "@${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf" 2> /dev/null > file_info.json

file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" file_info.json)
echo "file_uri: ${file_uri}"

# Now create an interaction using that file
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/interactions" \
    -H "x-goog-api-key: $GOOGLE_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "model": "gemini-3-flash-preview",
      "input": [
        {"type": "text", "text": "'$PROMPT'"},
        {"type": "document", "uri": '$file_uri', "mimeType": "application/pdf"}
      ]
    }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".steps[-1].content[0].text" response.json

# Clean up the downloaded PDF
rm "${DISPLAY_NAME}.pdf"

儲存在本機的大型 PDF

Python

from google import genai
import pathlib

client = genai.Client()

# Upload the PDF using the File API
file_path = pathlib.Path('large_file.pdf')
sample_file = client.files.upload(
    file=file_path,
)

interaction = client.interactions.create(
    model="gemini-3-flash-preview",
    input=[
        {"type": "document", "uri": sample_file.uri, "mime_type": sample_file.mime_type},
        {"type": "text", "text": "Summarize this document"}
    ]
)
print(interaction.steps[-1].content[0].text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

async function main() {
    const file = await ai.files.upload({
        file: 'path-to-localfile.pdf',
        config: {
            displayName: 'A17_FlightPlan.pdf',
        },
    });

    // Wait for the file to be processed.
    let getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
    while (getFile.state === 'PROCESSING') {
        getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
        console.log(`current file status: ${getFile.state}`);
        console.log('File is still processing, retrying in 5 seconds');

        await new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(resolve, 5000);
        });
    }
    if (file.state === 'FAILED') {
        throw new Error('File processing failed.');
    }

    const interaction = await ai.interactions.create({
        model: 'gemini-3-flash-preview',
        input: [
            { type: "document", uri: file.uri, mimeType: file.mimeType },
            { type: "text", text: "Summarize this document" }
        ],
    });

    console.log(interaction.steps.at(-1).content[0].text);

}

main();

REST

PDF_PATH="path/to/large_file.pdf"
NUM_BYTES=$(wc -c < "${PDF_PATH}")
DISPLAY_NAME=TEXT
tmp_header_file=upload-header.tmp

# Initial resumable request defining metadata.
# The upload url is in the response headers dump them to a file.
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/upload/v1beta/files?key=${GEMINI_API_KEY}" \
  -D upload-header.tmp \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Protocol: resumable" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: start" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Type: application/pdf" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "{'file': {'display_name': '${DISPLAY_NAME}'}}" 2> /dev/null

upload_url=$(grep -i "x-goog-upload-url: " "${tmp_header_file}" | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d "\r")
rm "${tmp_header_file}"

# Upload the actual bytes.
curl "${upload_url}" \
  -H "Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Offset: 0" \
  -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: upload, finalize" \
  --data-binary "@${PDF_PATH}" 2> /dev/null > file_info.json

file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" file_info.json)
echo file_uri=$file_uri

# Now create an interaction using that file
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/interactions" \
    -H "x-goog-api-key: $GEMINI_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "model": "gemini-3-flash-preview",
      "input": [
        {"type": "document", "uri": '$file_uri', "mimeType": "application/pdf"},
        {"type": "text", "text": "Can you add a few more lines to this poem?"}
      ]
    }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".steps[-1].content[0].text" response.json

您可以呼叫 files.get，確認 API 已成功儲存上傳的檔案並取得其 metadata。只有 name (以及延伸的 uri) 是獨一無二。

Python

from google import genai
import pathlib

client = genai.Client()

fpath = pathlib.Path('example.pdf')
fpath.write_text('hello')

file = client.files.upload(file='example.pdf')

file_info = client.files.get(name=file.name)
print(file_info.model_dump_json(indent=4))

REST

name=$(jq ".file.name" file_info.json)
# Get the file of interest to check state
curl https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/files/$name?key=$GEMINI_API_KEY > file_info.json
# Print some information about the file you got
name=$(jq ".file.name" file_info.json)
echo name=$name
file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" file_info.json)
echo file_uri=$file_uri

傳遞多個 PDF

只要文件和文字提示的總大小不超過模型的脈絡窗口，Gemini API 就能在單一要求中處理多個 PDF 文件 (最多 1000 頁)。

Python

from google import genai
import io
import httpx

client = genai.Client()

doc_url_1 = "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805"
doc_url_2 = "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530"

# Retrieve and upload both PDFs using the File API
doc_data_1 = io.BytesIO(httpx.get(doc_url_1).content)
doc_data_2 = io.BytesIO(httpx.get(doc_url_2).content)

sample_pdf_1 = client.files.upload(
  file=doc_data_1,
  config=dict(mime_type='application/pdf')
)
sample_pdf_2 = client.files.upload(
  file=doc_data_2,
  config=dict(mime_type='application/pdf')
)

prompt = "What is the difference between each of the main benchmarks between these two papers? Output these in a table."

interaction = client.interactions.create(
    model="gemini-3-flash-preview",
    input=[
        {"type": "document", "uri": sample_pdf_1.uri, "mime_type": sample_pdf_1.mime_type},
        {"type": "document", "uri": sample_pdf_2.uri, "mime_type": sample_pdf_2.mime_type},
        {"type": "text", "text": prompt}
    ]
)

print(interaction.steps[-1].content[0].text)

JavaScript

import { GoogleGenAI } from "@google/genai";

const ai = new GoogleGenAI({});

async function uploadRemotePDF(url, displayName) {
    const pdfBuffer = await fetch(url)
        .then((response) => response.arrayBuffer());

    const fileBlob = new Blob([pdfBuffer], { type: 'application/pdf' });

    const file = await ai.files.upload({
        file: fileBlob,
        config: {
            displayName: displayName,
        },
    });

    // Wait for the file to be processed.
    let getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
    while (getFile.state === 'PROCESSING') {
        getFile = await ai.files.get({ name: file.name });
        console.log(`current file status: ${getFile.state}`);
        console.log('File is still processing, retrying in 5 seconds');

        await new Promise((resolve) => {
            setTimeout(resolve, 5000);
        });
    }
    if (file.state === 'FAILED') {
        throw new Error('File processing failed.');
    }

    return file;
}

async function main() {
    const file1 = await uploadRemotePDF("https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805", "PDF 1");
    const file2 = await uploadRemotePDF("https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530", "PDF 2");

    const interaction = await ai.interactions.create({
        model: 'gemini-3-flash-preview',
        input: [
            { type: "document", uri: file1.uri, mimeType: file1.mimeType },
            { type: "document", uri: file2.uri, mimeType: file2.mimeType },
            { type: "text", text: "What is the difference between each of the main benchmarks between these two papers? Output these in a table." }
        ],
    });

    console.log(interaction.steps.at(-1).content[0].text);
}

main();

REST

DOC_URL_1="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.11805"
DOC_URL_2="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05530"
DISPLAY_NAME_1="Gemini_paper"
DISPLAY_NAME_2="Gemini_1.5_paper"
PROMPT="What is the difference between each of the main benchmarks between these two papers? Output these in a table."

# Function to download and upload a PDF
upload_pdf() {
  local doc_url="$1"
  local display_name="$2"

  # Download the PDF
  wget -O "${display_name}.pdf" "${doc_url}"

  local MIME_TYPE=$(file -b --mime-type "${display_name}.pdf")
  local NUM_BYTES=$(wc -c < "${display_name}.pdf")

  echo "MIME_TYPE: ${MIME_TYPE}"
  echo "NUM_BYTES: ${NUM_BYTES}"

  local tmp_header_file=upload-header.tmp

  # Initial resumable request
  curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/upload/v1beta/files?key=${GOOGLE_API_KEY}" \
    -D "${tmp_header_file}" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Protocol: resumable" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: start" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Header-Content-Type: ${MIME_TYPE}" \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d "{'file': {'display_name': '${display_name}'}}" 2> /dev/null

  local upload_url=$(grep -i "x-goog-upload-url: " "${tmp_header_file}" | cut -d" " -f2 | tr -d "\r")
  rm "${tmp_header_file}"

  # Upload the PDF
  curl "${upload_url}" \
    -H "Content-Length: ${NUM_BYTES}" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Offset: 0" \
    -H "X-Goog-Upload-Command: upload, finalize" \
    --data-binary "@${display_name}.pdf" 2> /dev/null > "file_info_${display_name}.json"

  local file_uri=$(jq ".file.uri" "file_info_${display_name}.json")
  echo "file_uri for ${display_name}: ${file_uri}"

  # Clean up the downloaded PDF
  rm "${display_name}.pdf"

  echo "${file_uri}"
}

# Upload the first PDF
file_uri_1=$(upload_pdf "${DOC_URL_1}" "${DISPLAY_NAME_1}")

# Upload the second PDF
file_uri_2=$(upload_pdf "${DOC_URL_2}" "${DISPLAY_NAME_2}")

# Now create an interaction using both files
curl "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1beta/interactions" \
    -H "x-goog-api-key: $GOOGLE_API_KEY" \
    -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
    -X POST \
    -d '{
      "model": "gemini-3-flash-preview",
      "input": [
        {"type": "document", "uri": '$file_uri_1', "mimeType": "application/pdf"},
        {"type": "document", "uri": '$file_uri_2', "mimeType": "application/pdf"},
        {"type": "text", "text": "'$PROMPT'"}
      ]
    }' 2> /dev/null > response.json

cat response.json
echo

jq ".steps[-1].content[0].text" response.json

技術詳細資料

Gemini 支援的 PDF 檔案大小上限為 50 MB 或 1000 頁。這項限制適用於內嵌資料和 Files API 上傳作業。每頁文件相當於 258 個權杖。

除了模型的內容視窗外，文件中的像素數量沒有具體限制，但較大的頁面會縮放至 3072 x 3072 像素的最大解析度，同時保留原始長寬比，較小的頁面則會放大至 768 x 768 像素。如果頁面大小較小，除了頻寬外，不會有任何成本降低；如果頁面解析度較高，也不會提升效能。

Gemini 3 模型

Gemini 3 推出 media_resolution 參數，可精細控管多模態視覺處理作業。現在可以為每個媒體元件設定低、中或高解析度。新增這項功能後，處理 PDF 文件的方式也隨之更新：

  1. 內建文字納入：系統會擷取 PDF 中內建的文字，並提供給模型。
  2. 帳單與權杖報表：
    • 從 PDF 擷取的原生文字產生的詞元不會計費。
    • 在 API 回應的 usage_metadata 部分，處理 PDF 頁面 (以圖片形式) 時產生的權杖現在會計入 IMAGE 模態，而不是像某些舊版一樣計入獨立的 DOCUMENT 模態。

文件類型

從技術上來說，您可以傳遞其他 MIME 類型，以供文件理解功能使用，例如 TXT、Markdown、HTML、XML 等。不過，文件視覺 只會解讀 PDF 檔案的內容。其他類型會以純文字形式擷取，模型無法解讀這些檔案的算繪內容。所有檔案類型專屬內容都會遺失，例如圖表、HTML 標記、Markdown 格式等。

如要瞭解其他檔案輸入方式，請參閱「檔案輸入方式」指南。

最佳做法

為確保最佳成效：

  • 上傳前，請先將頁面旋轉至正確方向。
  • 避免模糊的頁面。
  • 如果使用單一頁面，請將文字提示詞放在該頁面之後。

後續步驟

如要進一步瞭解相關內容，請參閱下列資源：

  • 檔案提示策略：Gemini API 支援使用文字、圖片、音訊和影片資料提示，也就是多模態提示。
  • 系統指令： 系統指令可根據特定需求和用途，引導模型行為。